Cu-doped LaNiO perovskite catalyst for DRM: revisiting it as a molecular-level nanocomposite.

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) was extensively studied on Cu-doped LaNiO catalysts. The main findings of this work are as follows: (i) thermal switching of the catalyst phase between the parent perovskite and molecular-level nanocomposite of individual components formed during DRM, (ii) reusability of the catalyst with enhanced activity, and (iii) regeneration of the catalyst phase at a lower temperature than that required for the formation of the parent perovskite. The present investigation provides an extensive analysis and understanding of the DRM reaction using Cu-doped LaNiO compared to the result reported by Moradi , (, 2012, , 797-801) and hence provides new insights into its catalytic activity.

Integrated CO Capture and Dry Reforming of CH to Syngas: A Review.

Integrating carbon capture with dry reforming of methane offers a promising approach to addressing greenhouse gas emissions while producing valuable syngas. This review examines the complexities and progress made in this integrated process, wherein catalysts play a critical role in adsorbing carbon dioxide and facilitating the conversion of methane to syngas. The chemical process entails the concurrent capture of CO emissions and their usage in dry reforming, a reaction in which CH interacts with CO to generate syngas, an essential precursor for various industrial applications.

Prolonged administration of intrathecal baclofen in a patient with generalized grade 4 tetanus.

Introduction: This case report presents the management of a 62-year-old woman with generalized grade 4 tetanus, focusing on the innovative use of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy. The patient initially presented with a laceration and subsequently developed severe tetanic spasms, necessitating interventions beyond standard tetanus immunoglobulin and antibiotics due to the condition's progressive and life-threatening nature. The preference for ITB over oral baclofen is highlighted, considering ITB's enhanced bioavailability in the central nervous system and its efficacy in reducing spinal cord reflexes, which is critical for managing severe spasticity.

Discerning toxic nerve gas agents a distinguishable 'turn-on' fluorescence response: multi-stimuli responsive quinoline derivatives in action.

We have successfully synthesized quinoline derivatives that exhibit easy scalability and responsiveness to multiple stimuli. These derivatives are capable of forming self-assembled nanoscopic aggregates in an aqueous medium. Consequently, when placed in an aqueous environment, we observe dual fluorescence originating from both twisted intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission.

Morphologically tuned CuO-ZnO-CeO catalyst for CO hydrogenation to methanol.

Morphologically modified composite CuO-ZnO-CeO catalysts were synthesized using a single-step hydrothermal technique. The study highlights the influence of solvent on the structural and physico-chemical properties of the catalysts. Various techniques, such as XRD, FE-SEM, BET, XPS, and H-TPR, were used to analyze the catalyst properties.

The role of reducibility oxygen vacancies of doped CoO/CeO in the oxygen evolution reaction.

Electrochemical water splitting, which is a highly promising and environmentally friendly technology for H fuel production, faces significant hurdles due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction. Co -based oxides have garnered significant attention as alternative catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction owing to the Co/Co redox couple. Enhancing the challenging Co → Co oxidation process can further improve the catalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

High activity in the dry reforming of methane using a thermally switchable double perovskite and generated molecular level nanocomposite.

This work emphasizes the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction on citrate sol-gel-synthesized double perovskite oxides. Phase pure LaNiMnO shows very impressive DRM activity with H/CO = 0.9, hence revealing a high prospect of next-generation catalysts.

Electro-Oxidation Reaction of Methanol over LaSrNi(Mn/Fe/Co)O Ruddlesden-Popper Oxides.

Solution combustion-synthesized Ruddlesden-Popper oxides LaSrNi(Mn/Fe/Co)O were explored for the methanol electro-oxidation reaction. With optimal doping of Sr in the A site and Co in the B site, Ni with t configuration in LaSrNiCoO exhibited a tetragonal distortion with compression in axial bonds and elongation in equatorial bonds. This structural modification fostered an augmented overlap of orbitals with axial O 2p orbitals, leading to a heightened density of states at the Fermi level.

Technological solutions for NO, SO, and VOC abatement: recent breakthroughs and future directions.

NO, SO, and carbonaceous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are extremely harmful to the environment, and their concentrations must be within the limits prescribed by the region-specific pollution control boards. Thus, NO, SO, and VOC abatement is essential to safeguard the environment. Considering the importance of NO, SO, and VOC abatement, the discussion on selective catalytic reduction, oxidation, redox methods, and adsorption using noble metal and non-noble metal-based catalytic approaches were elaborated.

Electro-oxidation Reaction of Methanol over Reducible CeNiSrO: A Mechanistic Probe of Participation of Lattice Oxygen.

Methanol oxidation reaction crucially depends on the formation of -OOH species over the catalyst's surface. Ni-based catalysts are by far the choice of materials, where the redox couple of Ni/Ni facilitates the formation of -OOH species by surface reconstructions. However, it is challenging to oxidize Ni as it generates charge-transfer orbitals near the Fermi energy level.

Rags to Riches: Meliorating the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia over Cu-Based Nanoalloys.

The selective electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate pollutants into valuable ammonia products has gained significant momentum thanks to the emerging circular economy model. However, this technology suffers from poor selectivity, low Faradic efficiency, and a competing parallel hydrogen evolution reaction. In this regard, the use of nanoalloys offers a promising approach to fine-tune the electronic structure by shifting the position of the d-band center and modulating the interaction with nitrate and other reaction intermediates and thus enhance the selectivity of desirable products, which may not be accessible over a pristine single metallic active site.

Controlling C-C coupling in electrocatalytic reduction of CO over CuZn/C.

From the perspective of sustainable environment and economic value, the electroreduction of CO to higher order multicarbon products is more coveted than that of C products, owing to their higher energy densities and a wider applicability. However, the reduction process remains extremely challenging due to the bottleneck of C-C coupling over the catalyst surfaces, and therefore designing a suitable catalyst for efficient and selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO is a need of the hour. With the target of producing C products with higher selectivity, in this study we explored the nano-alloys of CuZn as electrocatalysts for CO reduction.

Photo- and Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO over Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Oxides: A Correlation of the Reaction Mechanism with the Electronic Structure.

A Ce/Ti-based bimetallic 2-aminoterephthalate metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and evaluated for photocatalytic reduction of CO in comparison with an isoreticular pristine monometallic Ce-terephthalate MOF. Owing to highly selective CO adsorption capability, optimized band gaps, higher flux of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and a lower rate of recombination, this material exhibited better photocatalytic reduction of CO and lower hydrogen evolution compared to Ce-terephthalate. Thorough probing of the surface and electronic structure inferred that the reducibility of Ce to Ce was due to the introduction of an amine functional group into the linker, and low-lying Ti(3) orbitals in Ce/Ti-2-aminoterephthalate facilitated the photoreduction reaction.

Processed Electroencephalographic Use During Anesthesia and Outcomes: Analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database.

Background: This study assessed associations between processed electroencephalographic (pEEG) use during anesthesia, surgery- and anesthesia-related risk factors, and neurologic outcomes and mortality after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Drawing from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database and its Adult Cardiac Anesthesiology Section, we identified 42 932 records for elective, urgent, and emergency cardiac surgical procedures between July 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. Using propensity score-weighted regression analysis, we analyzed the associations between pEEG use during anesthesia on the primary outcome, postoperative delirium (POD), and secondary outcomes of stroke, encephalopathy, coma, and operative mortality.

Regulation of autophagy by miRNAs in human diseases.

Autophagy is a homeostatic process designed to eliminate dysfunctional and aging organelles and misfolded proteins through a well-concerted pathway, starting with forming a double-membrane vesicle and culminating in the lysosomal degradation of the cargo enclosed inside the mature vesicle. As a vital sentry of cellular health, autophagy is regulated in every human disease condition and is an essential target for non-coding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short oligonucleotides that specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, thus leading to mRNA silencing, degradation, or translation blockage.

Synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones via multicomponent reaction route over acid functionalized Metal-Organic framework catalysts.

Multi component reactions over heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are extremely important owing to easy separation, amenable recycling, and prospective scaling up of the process. Here, we are reporting the synthesis of biologically important dihydropyrimidinones over postsynthetic modified Cr-based metal-organic framework materials as heterogeneous catalysts containing the bifunctional Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. Cr-based metal-organic frameworks contained coordinatively unsaturated metal sites as inherent Lewis acid sites, whereas postsynthetic modifications introduced the Brønsted acid sites in the framework.

Adult Inactivation of the Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Gene Causes Polycystic Liver Disease.

Background: A major difference between autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) lies in the pattern of inheritance, and the resultant timing and focality of cyst formation. In both diseases, cysts form in the kidney and liver as a consequence of the cellular recessive genotype of the respective disease gene, but this occurs by germline inheritance in ARPKD and somatic second hit mutations to the one normal allele in ADPKD. The fibrocystic liver phenotype in ARPKD is attributed to abnormal ductal plate formation because of the absence of expression during embryogenesis and organ development.

Tale of Two Layered Semiconductor Catalysts toward Artificial Photosynthesis.

The ever-increasing reliance on nonrenewable fossil fuels due to massive urbanization and industrialization created problems such as depletion of the primary feedstock and raised the atmospheric CO levels causing global warming. A smart and promising approach is artificial photosynthesis that photocatalytically valorizes CO into high-value chemicals. The inexpensive layered semiconductors like g-CN and rGO or GO have the potential to make the process practically feasible for real applications.

Structure-Sensitive Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO to Methanol over Carbon-Supported Intermetallic PtZn Nano-Alloys.

The electrochemical reduction of CO (CORR) to produce valuable synthetic fuel like CHOH not only mitigates the accumulated greenhouse gas from the environment but is also a promising direction toward attenuating our continuous reliance on fossil fuels. However, CORR to yield CHOH suffers because of large overpotential, competitive H evolution reaction (HER), and poor product selectivity. In this regard, intermetallic alloy catalysts open up a wide possibility of fine-tuning the electronic property and attain appropriate structures that facilitate selective CORR.

A trade-off between adsorption and photocatalysis over ZIF-derived composite.

The adsorption with highly porous adsorbents is an efficient technique to trap the uncontrolled release of antibiotics in the environment, however, mere adsorption does not mineralize the discharged antibiotics. On the contrary, the regular photocatalysts completely mineralize the antibiotics, however suffers from high efficiency due to comparatively low surface area and porosity. In this work, a balance has been made between efficient adsorption followed by complete degradation of the adsorbed antibiotic over ZIF-8 derived ZnO/N-doped carbon composite.

The Propagation and Quantification of Two Emerging Oncolytic Viruses: Vesicular Stomatitis (VSV) and Zika (ZIKV).

Developments in genetic engineering have allowed researchers and clinicians to begin harnessing viruses to target and kill cancer cells, either through direct lysis or through recruitment of antiviral immune responses. Two powerful viruses in the fight against cancer are the single-stranded RNA viruses vesicular stomatitis virus and Zika virus. Here, we describe methods to propagate and titer these two viruses.