Modulatory Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Gut-Brain, Gut-Bone Axes, and the Impact of Cannabinoids.

The gut microbiome is a collection of microorganisms and parasites in the gastrointestinal tract. Many factors can affect this community's composition, such as age, sex, diet, medications, and environmental triggers. The relationship between the human host and the gut microbiota is crucial for the organism's survival and development, whereas the disruption of this relationship can lead to various inflammatory diseases.

Role of Immune Cells in the Initiation and Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) entails complex pathophysiological processes and complicated mechanisms. It is a type of lung disease that has no known cure. The disease's chronic inflammatory response is triggered by the abnormal activation of alveolar cells that create mediators that promote the development of myofibroblast and fibroblast foci.

Celastrol enhances Nrf2 mediated antioxidant enzymes and exhibits anti-fibrotic effect through regulation of collagen production against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the alveolar region which distorts the normal lung architecture and impairs the respiratory function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of celastrol, a quinine-methide tri-terpenoid mainly found in Thunder God Vine root extracts against bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF through the enhancement of antioxidant defense system. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (3 U/kg.

Daidzein exhibits anti-fibrotic effect by reducing the expressions of Proteinase activated receptor 2 and TGFβ1/smad mediated inflammation and apoptosis in Bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive lethal disorder. In this study, the effect of daidzein, a soyisoflavone against Bleomycin (BLM) induced PF in rats was elucidated. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (3 U/kg.

Diallylsulfide attenuates excessive collagen production and apoptosis in a rat model of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis through the involvement of protease activated receptor-2.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) can be a devastating lung disease. It is primarily caused by inflammation leading to severe damage of the alveolar epithelial cells. The pathophysiology of PF is not yet been clearly defined, but studying lung parenchymal injury by involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) may provide promising results.