Directed acyclic graph helps to understand the causality of malnutrition in under-5 children born small for gestational age.

Objectives: Small-for-gestational age (SGA) is a causal factor for malnutrition (undernutrition). The available evidence on this causal relationship is based on observational studies and suffers from confounding and collider biases. This study aimed to construct a theoretical causal model to estimate the effect of SGA on malnutrition in children aged less than 5 years.

Utilizing Natural Materials in Electronic Devices: Inching Toward "Herbal Electronics".

Sustainable development is the primary key to address global energy challenges. Though the scientific community is engaged in developing efficient ways to not only maximize energy production from natural resources like sun, wind, water, etc. but also to make all the electronic gadgets power efficient, despite all this, the materials used in most of the electronic devices are largely produced using various materials processing techniques and semiconductors, polymers, dielectrics, etc.

Diagnosis of bacterial infection in children with relapse of nephrotic syndrome: a personalized decision-analytic nomogram and decision curve analysis.

Background: Infections associated with nephrotic relapses (NR) are often managed according to physician preferences. A validated prediction tool will aid clinical decision-making and help in rationalizing antibiotic prescriptions. Our objective was to develop a biomarker-based prediction model and a regression nomogram for the prediction of the probability of infection in children with NR.

Seroprotection against measles in previously vaccinated children with difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are vulnerable to infections. Measles infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed children. A suboptimal seroprotection against measles has been shown in immunocompromised children.

Brief Report: Subclinical Kidney Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Most of the kidney dysfunction in HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is attributed to tenofovir. There is a paucity of data on kidney dysfunction in tenofovir-naive children. The primary objective was to know the point prevalence of albuminuria and β2-microglobulinuria in HIV-infected children aged 3-18 years receiving ART.

Are normative sonographic values of kidney size in children valid and reliable? A systematic review of the methodological quality of ultrasound studies using the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool.

Background And Objectives: A plethora of research is available on ultrasonographic kidney size standards. We performed a systematic review of methodological quality of ultrasound studies aimed at developing normative renal parameters in healthy children, by evaluating the risk of bias (ROB) using the 'Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA)' tool.

Methods: We searched Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar on June 04 2018, and observational studies measuring kidney size by ultrasonography in healthy children (0-18 years) were included.

Citation classics in pediatrics: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Citation analysis provides insights into the history and developmental trajectory of scientific fields. Our objective was to perform an analysis of citation classics in the journals of pediatric specialty and to examine their characteristics.

Methods: Initially, all the journals listed under the category of pediatrics (n = 120) were identified using Journal Citation Reports.

Early Total Enteral Feeding in Stable Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Before and After Study.

Background: Fear of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has perpetuated delayed initiation and slow advancement of enteral feeding in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with inherent risks of parenteral alimentation. The objective of this study was to assess effect of early total enteral feeding (ETEF) on day of achievement of full enteral feeds, feed intolerance, NEC and sepsis.

Methods: In total, 208 stable VLBW neonates (28-34 weeks) admitted during 6 month periods of three consecutive years were enrolled.

An interrupted time series analysis showed suboptimal improvement in reporting quality of trial abstract.

Objective: To assess and compare the immediate and long-term change in reporting quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts published in Pediatrics, The Journal of Pediatrics, and JAMA Pediatrics before and after the publication of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial (CONSORT)-abstract statement.

Study Design And Settings: Study had "Interrupted time-series" design. Eligible RCT abstracts were retrieved by PubMed search in two study periods from January 2003 to December 2007 (pre-CONSORT) and January 2010 to December 2014 (post-CONSORT).

Gastric lavage for prevention of feeding problems in neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The role of gastric lavage in preventing retching, vomiting and secondary meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid is uncertain, and no there are no definitive guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of gastric lavage in preventing retching, vomiting and secondary meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.

Methods: This was an open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial conducted in the labour room, postnatal and neonatal wards of a tertiary-care teaching hospital.

Neonaticide in India and the stigma of female gender: report of two cases.

Neonaticide is known to occur across the globe in both developed and developing countries, but has rarely been reported from India. Two similar cases of female neonaticide are presented which were committed by their mothers while in the maternity ward. The social issues and maternal provocation highlighted in this report are different from those reported in world reviews of neonaticide.

Congenital rickets presenting as refractory respiratory distress at birth.

Congenital rickets is a very rare entity in the spectrum of metabolic bone disease in children. The authors report an as yet unreported case of congenital rickets presenting with respiratory distress at birth. The radiographs of long bones and wrist showed generalized osteopenia with cupping and fraying of epiphyseal ends in the second week of life.

Failure to thrive.

Failure to thrive is poor physical growth that results when the nutritional demands of young children are not fulfilled. This diagnosis is made when, on serial growth monitoring, the child's anthropometric parameters such as weight for age and/or height are found to be significantly below the expected values. A detailed evaluation by the treating physician, taking into account physical and psychosocial factors affecting the child's health is essential for understanding the factors contributing to failure to thrive.

Efficacy and safety of a single daily dose of gentamicin in hospitalized Indian children: a quasi-randomized trial.

Objectives: To compare the clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetic profiles and safety of once-daily dosing (ODD) and multiple daily dosing (MDD) of gentamicin in hospitalized Indian children.

Patients And Methods: Four hundred children admitted to our hospital were studied prospectively. The patients were randomized to ODD or MDD groups alternately.

Coinfection of parvovirus b19 with other hepatitis viruses leading to fulminant hepatitis of unfavorable outcome in children.

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) associated with parvovirus B19 (B19) infection has a favorable prognosis in children. However, there is no data available to predict outcome in cases of FHF associated with hepatotropic virus coinfection. Clinical characteristics of 3 pediatric groups with FHF were compared and it was observed that B19 coinfection with other viruses adds to the severity of the disease and increases the probability of a fatal outcome.