Identification and characterization of a novel begomovirus, associated with leaf curl disease of .

Begomovirus is the largest genus of the family Geminiviridae with wide host range and responsible for a considerable amount of economic damage to many important crops globally. (Indian ginseng) is an important medicinal plant with high demand in pharmaceutical industries worldwide. During the routine survey in 2019, typical characteristic viral symptoms such as severe leaf curling, downward rolling of the leaves, vein clearing, and poor growth of Withania plants with 17-20% disease incidence were observed in Lucknow, India.

Recent advances in transition metal-mediated trifluoromethylation reactions.

Fluorine compounds are known for their abundance in more than 20% of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products mainly due to the enhanced lipophilicity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of organofluorides. Consequently, the last decade has seen enormous growth in the incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group into organic motifs. With due significance, this review aims to provide a complete picture of the transition metal-mediated construction of C(sp, sp, and sp)-CF bonds C-H/X bond functionalization or addition processes in both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Dual Ligand Enabled Nondirected C-H Chalcogenation of Arenes and Heteroarenes.

Chalcogenide motifs are present as principal moieties in a vast array of natural products and complex molecules. Till date, the construction of these chalcogen motifs has been restricted to either the use of directing groups or the employment of a large excess of electronically activated arenes, typically employed as a cosolvent. Despite being highly effective, these methods have their own limitations in the step economy and the deployment of an excess amount of arenes.

Photoinduced Regioselective Olefination of Arenes at Proximal and Distal Sites.

The Fujiwara-Moritani reaction has had a profound contribution in the emergence of contemporary C-H activation protocols. Despite the applicability of the traditional approach in different fields, the associated reactivity and regioselectivity issues had rendered it redundant. The revival of this exemplary reaction requires the development of a mechanistic paradigm that would have simultaneous control on both the reactivity and regioselectivity.

Characterization and evolutionary analysis of Cucumber mosaic virus isolate infecting in India.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most widespread viruses that infects a large number of cultivated crops worldwide and causes severe losses. Besides vegetables and ornamental crops, it is also spreading on medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) at an alarming rate. Natural occurrence of green mosaic, leaf curling, necrosis, and distortion were observed on the leaves of in the experimental field of CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, India.

Enabling the Facile Synthesis of Arenes by Transition Metal Catalyzed Decarbonylation Methodology.

Transition metal-catalyzed decarbonylation is an essential paradigm of synthetic organic chemistry. Decarbonylation offers a unique pathway to decoding the skeletal structure of arenes and enabling easy synthesis of structurally complicated molecules. Due to the omnipresence of carbonyl groups in a wide array of synthetically important complex molecules, the variety and scope of these transformations are enormous.

Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules.

Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical.

First Report of Downy Mildew on Sweet Basil Caused By Peronospora belbahrii in India.

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; Family Lamiaceae) is an annual aromatic and medicinal plant grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India, it is cultivated as a commercial crop on ~8,000 ha.

Imine as a linchpin approach for meta-C-H functionalization.

Despite the widespread applications of C-H functionalization, controlling site selectivity remains a significant challenge. Covalently attached directing groups (DGs) served as ancillary ligands to ensure ortho-, meta- and para-C-H functionalization over the last two decades. These covalently linked DGs necessitate two extra steps for a single C-H functionalization: introduction of DG prior to C-H activation and removal of DG post-functionalization.

A directing group-assisted ruthenium-catalyzed approach to access meta-nitrated phenols.

meta-Selective C-H nitration of phenol derivatives was developed using a Ru-catalyzed σ-activation strategy. Cu(NO)·3HO was employed as the nitrating source, whereas Ru(CO) was found to be the most suitable metal catalyst for the protocol. Mechanistic studies suggested involvement of an ortho-C-H metal intermediate, which promoted meta-electrophilic aromatic substitution and silver-assisted free-radical pathway.

Accessing Remote meta- and para-C(sp )-H Bonds with Covalently Attached Directing Groups.

Directing group assisted ortho-C-H activation has been known for the last few decades. In contrast, extending the same approach to achieve activation of the distal meta- and para-C-H bonds in aromatic molecules remained elusive for a long time. The main challenge is the conception of a macrocyclic transition state, which is needed to anchor the metal catalyst close to the target bond.

Ruthenium-Mediated Distal C-H Activation.

Addressing remote C-H functionalization is a prominent challenge in the field of homogeneous catalysis. The past two decades have accounted for major developments in this domain, proclaiming efficient selectivity at the meta and para positions. Recognizing such transformations remains significant, owing to their importance in the biological and chemical industries.

'Pitted' to 'Pleasing' in 20 min.

In recent times, as a result of extensive drinking water fluoridation, the number of patients affected by fluorosis has increased considerably. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe the use of enamel microabrasion for a patient with severe fluorosis using 37% phosphoric acid and pumice mixture. The results were pleasing, and hence 37% phosphoric acid can be recommended as a safe and easily available alternative in microabrasion procedures.

Microabrasion using 18% hydrochloric acid and 37% phosphoric acid in various degrees of fluorosis - an in vivo comparision.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 18% hydrochloric acid and 37% phosphoric acid by an in vivo comparison.

Methods: Sixty fluorotic permanent maxillary central incisors from 30 patients were divided into 3 categories. The teeth received 5 seconds (mild fluorosis), 20 seconds (moderate fluorosis) and 30 seconds (severe fluorosis) application of 18% hydrochloric acid on 11 and 37% phosphoric acid on 21.

Maxillary molar with two palatal canals.

The endodontic treatment of maxillary molar with an aberrant root canal morphology can be diagnostically and technically challenging.1 Unusual root canal morphology in multirooted teeth is a constant challenge for diagnosis and successful endodontic treatment. Presence of extra canals, lateral canals, deltas is commonly encountered.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis with distinctive facies.

Hereditary gingival enlargement also known as gingivitis or familial elephantiasis is a rare type of gingival enlargement. It appears as an isolated autosomal dominant disorder or maybe associated with other conditions. Oral manifestations may vary from minimal involvement of only tuberosity area and the buccal gingiva around the lower molars to a generalized enlargement inhibiting eruption of the teeth.

Effects of citric acid and EDTA on periodontally involved root surfaces: a SEM study.

Aim: Root debridement by scaling and root planing may not completely remove contaminated cementum particularly in more apical areas. The smear layer formed during root planing inhibits cell migration and attachment leading to impaired marginal periodontal healing. The present study was done to compare the morphological effects of root surface demineralization using citric acid and EDTA as root-conditioning agents.