Publications by authors named "Soumya Sarkar"

Background: Transdermal buprenorphine is used for the management of postoperative pain. Its effectiveness for the postoperative pain management following mandibular resection and reconstruction has yet to be evaluated.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of transdermal buprenorphine patch (TBP) in managing postoperative pain after mandibular resection and reconstruction with anterior iliac crest graft.

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Abstract: Heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) materials comprise clean van der Waals (vdW) interfaces that can facilitate charge or energy transfer. Recently, the 2D ferroelectric CuInPS (CIPS) has been integrated with graphene and other 2D materials to realize potentially novel low energy electronic devices. However, the influence of 2D CIPS on the properties of graphene and doping across the vdW interface has not been studied in detail.

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  • GPR17 is an orphan receptor linked to inflammatory diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis, and its antagonists may help promote remyelination.
  • This study introduces a new category of GPR17 antagonists derived from an anthranilic acid scaffold, with their effectiveness tested in several biological assays.
  • The most effective compounds identified were PSB-22269 and PSB-24040, with specific binding characteristics that could aid future drug development targeting GPR17.
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Purpose: To synthesise evidence for the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, characteristics and mortality of pregnant and postpartum women with a focus on differences between high-income countries (HICs) and low-middle-income countries (LMICs) and report changes in reported findings since the last review by Pollock et al. (2010).

Methods: We searched Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL (2010-2023), following best practice guidelines for abstract screening for large-evidence systematic reviews.

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  • - Some van der Waals materials, like CuInPS (CIPS), show ferroelectric properties, making them suitable for new types of nonvolatile memory devices, specifically ferroelectric diodes (FeDs).
  • - The study presented features FeDs built with CIPS and graphene that demonstrate impressive electrical characteristics, such as a high resistance ratio and a strong current rectification ratio at low voltages.
  • - CIPS-based FeDs allow for stable storage of multiple data bits due to the unique polarization states, pointing to their potential use in advanced computing applications like compute-in-memory and neuromorphic computing.
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Coronavirus stands for a large family of viruses characterized by protruding spikes surrounding a lipidic membrane adorned with proteins. The present study explores the adhesion of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) particles on a variety of reference solid surfaces that emulate typical virus-surface interactions. Atomic force microscopy informs about trapping effectivity and the shape of the virus envelope on each surface, revealing that the deformation of TGEV particles spans from 20% to 50% in diameter.

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Postoperative residual curarization (PORC) and the impact of the coadministration of intravenous calcium along with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on it are not well addressed. Extensive electronic database screening was done until October 7, 2022 after enlisting the protocol of this systematic review in PROSPERO (CRD42021274879). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of intravenous calcium and neostigmine coadministration on neuromuscular recovery were included in this meta-analysis.

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  • - Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a new technology for real-time lung imaging that shows potential for better ventilation and oxygenation in patients, especially those with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), compared to traditional methods.
  • - A study reviewed data from various trials and found that EIT-guided ventilation appears to lower mortality risk and improve lung compliance in ARDS patients, though it didn’t show significant results in improving the PaO/FiO (partial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen) ratio.
  • - The findings suggest that while EIT-guided PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure) titration is promising, more rigorous research is needed to fully validate its effectiveness for clinical use
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Background: Cirrhosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally and in India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain the etiological spectrum and changing trends of cirrhosis in India.

Methods: We searched electronic databases, including Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase.

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Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMD) semiconductors allow facile integration of p- and n-type materials without a lattice mismatch. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable n- and p-type junctions based on vertical heterostructures of MoS and WSe using van der Waals (vdW) contacts. The p-n junction shows negative differential resistance (NDR) due to Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling through the triangular barrier formed by applying a global back-gate bias ().

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Electronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials will need ultraclean and defect-free van der Waals (vdW) contacts with three-dimensional (3D) metals. It is therefore important to understand how vdW metal films deposit on 2D surfaces. Here, we study the growth and nucleation of vdW metal films of indium (In) and non-vdW metal films of gold (Au), deposited on 2D MoS and graphene.

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Introduction: Neuroinflammation, neuronal cytotoxicity, and apoptosis due to exposure to anaesthetic agents are often implicated in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Lidocaine and dexmedetomidine have been shown to suppress the neuron-specific markers of inflammation, and we aimed to compare their neuroprotective efficacy in elderly patients.

Material And Methods: This prospective randomized control study compared the incidence of POCD in ASA I/II patients aged 60 to 80 years without any history of substance abuse or any disorder affecting cognition.

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  • - The survey aimed to gauge Indian radiation oncologists' attitudes and practices surrounding prostate brachytherapy, using a 21-point questionnaire distributed through various channels.
  • - Out of 212 responding oncologists, a significant 66% had over 6 years of post-specialty training, yet 44.3% do not perform any interstitial brachytherapy, and 83.3% avoid high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy, primarily due to a lack of training (84.8%).
  • - Many oncologists expressed a willingness to adopt prostate brachytherapy if provided with adequate training and facilities, indicating potential for increased implementation with professional development opportunities.
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Fatigue-induced failure resulting from repetitive stress-strain cycles is a critical concern in the development of robust and durable nanoelectromechanical devices founded on 2D semiconductors. Defects, such as vacancies and grain boundaries, inherent in scalable materials can act as stress concentrators and accelerate fatigue fracture. Here, we investigate MoS with controlled atomic vacancies, to elucidate its mechanical reliability and fatigue response as a function of atomic defect density.

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The defect emission from h-BN at 1.55 eV is interesting as it enables optical readout of spins. It is necessary to identify the nature of the relevant point defects for its controlled introduction.

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Background: Approximately 16%-62% of patients undergoing non cardiac surgeries develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction. We compared the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older adults aged 60-80 years who underwent open abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia using isoflurane or desflurane and correlated it with the serum concentration of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, amyloid β and S100 on postoperative day 3.

Method: Forty American Association of Anesthesiologists Physical Classification I or II patients were included after acquiring institutional ethics committee approval, registering in the Clinical Trials Registry - India, and informed written consent.

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  • Atomic defects, particularly chalcogen vacancies, in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) like MoS have significant effects on their properties.
  • A reproducible method involving annealing MoS at 600 °C in an argon/hydrogen atmosphere successfully induces these vacancies, leading to observable changes in photoluminescence and other spectra.
  • The study demonstrates that the defect peak seen at room temperature is due to excitons trapped in defect-induced states, revealing insights into how sulfur vacancies impact excitonic behavior in MoS at different temperatures.
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van der Waals heterostructures (vdW-HSs) integrate dissimilar materials to form complex devices. These rely on the manipulation of charges at multiple interfaces. However, at present, submicrometer variations in strain, doping, or electrical breakages may exist undetected within a device, adversely affecting macroscale performance.

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Background: Shivering is common following anesthesia and surgery. Corticosteroids (steroids) have been tried to reduce the risk of shivering, but the evidence in favor of their use is uncertain. The primary objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of steroids on the risk of perioperative (intra- and postoperative) shivering versus controls (placebo and active controls).

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Introduction: Despite an 18%-30% prevalence, there is no consensus regarding pathogenesis of emergence delirium after anesthesia in children. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical neuroimaging modality that relies on blood oxygen level-dependent response, translating to a mean increase in oxyhemoglobin and a decrease in deoxyhemoglobin. We aimed to correlate the emergence delirium in the postoperative period with the changes in the frontal cortex utilizing fNIRS reading primarily and also with blood glucose, serum electrolytes, and preoperative anxiety scores.

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  • - The study investigates the effectiveness of point-of-care viscoelastic tests for assessing coagulation during primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) compared to traditional empirical blood transfusion methods.
  • - Analysis of five studies involving 1914 patients showed that viscoelastic-guided transfusion significantly reduces risks of complications such as emergency hysterectomy and circulatory overload, while also lowering the need for additional blood products.
  • - While results indicate improved morbidity outcomes with viscoelastic testing, further research is needed to determine optimal transfusion thresholds, long-term patient survival, and overall cost-effectiveness.
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Background: The widespread diagnostic and therapeutic application of bronchoscopy is often associated with complications like desaturation. This systematic review and meta-analysis intend to scrutinize whether the high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is advantageous for providing respiratory support during bronchoscopic procedures under sedation, in comparison with other conventional modalities for oxygen therapy.

Materials And Methods: A thorough screening of electronic databases was done till 31st December 2021 after obtaining registration in PROSPERO (CRD42021245420).

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  • The study investigates the effectiveness of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) compared to traditional low-flow oxygen delivery methods during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures under sedation, focusing on the risks of hypoxia.
  • Findings from nine studies involving 3,294 patients indicate that HFNO significantly reduces the occurrence of desaturation spells, procedural interruptions, and sedation-related complications, while improving SpO2 levels without extending the duration of the procedures.
  • The conclusion suggests that HFNO is a promising respiratory support option for enhancing safety during upper GI endoscopies conducted under sedation.
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