Public Health.

Background: Individuals with higher educational attainment have a lower risk for dementia, but it is less clear how educational attainment of an individual's parents may influence dementia risk, particularly in diverse populations. The study goal was to investigate the association between intergenerational educational attainment for two adjacent generations (individuals and their parents) and the risk of incident dementia, in a community-based study.

Method: Participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a prospective community-based cohort, were asked their own educational level (at study baseline; 1987-1989; ages 44-66 years) and that of each of their parents several years later.

The Interplay Between Cardiovascular Disease and Lung Cancer.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung cancer are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with a significant interplay that complicates patient management and treatment outcomes. This review explores the complex relationship between various forms of CVD - such as coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, and valvular heart disease - and lung cancer. Shared risk factors, including smoking, aging, and chronic inflammation, contribute to the co-occurrence of these conditions.

Progress in the Sustainable Development of Biobased (Nano)materials for Application in Water Treatment Technologies.

Water pollution remains a widespread problem, affecting the health and wellbeing of people around the globe. While current advancements in wastewater treatment and desalination show promise, there are still challenges that need to be overcome to make these technologies commercially viable. Nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in water purification and desalination processes today.

A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators for Preconception Care: Lessons for Global Health Policies and Programs.

Preconception care (PCC) encompasses a set of actions taken before pregnancy to support the health and well-being of women before conception to improve maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes. The utilization of PCC services is influenced by multifaceted factors that can either enable or impede women's capacity to access and utilize them effectively. This scoping review examined the barriers and facilitators influencing the utilization of PCC services among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) at both individual and community levels.

Role of Cerebral Embolic Protection Devices in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPD) capture embolic material in an attempt to reduce ischemic brain injury during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Prior reports have indicated mixed results regarding the benefits of these devices. With new data emerging, we performed an updated meta-analysis examining the effect of CEPD during transcatheter aortic valve replacement on various clinical, neurological, and safety parameters.

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by aerogel derived from date palm waste.

Cellulose that has been sourced from date palm leaves as a primary component was utilised. This cellulose served as the foundational material for the development of an aerogel composite. During this process, MXene (TiCT) played a pivotal role in enhancing the overall composition of the aerogel.

Leveraging men's education as an effective pathway for improving diet quality: Evidence from rural India.

Investing in nutrition sensitive sectors such as education can be an effective strategy for combatting malnutrition. In this paper we analyze the role that men's education plays in determining dietary diversity outcomes using primary data from 3600 households across four districts of India. Dietary diversity scores were calculated to reflect the quality of food intake, for households and women.

The RIGHT Scoring System for the Medicolegal Classification of Head Injury.

Background: In India, in case of an allegation of assault, the medical officer is required to classify the nature of injury into simple, grievous, and dangerous based upon the Indian Penal Code, which is outdated and has numerous gray areas.

Objective: The aim of this study is twofold: first, to formulate an objective scoring system for the medicolegal classification of head injuries and Second to validate the proposed scoring system on patients with head injury.

Methods And Material: A panel of experts consisting of neurosurgeons, radiologists, and forensic specialists came up with an objective scoring system, coined as the RIGHT (radiological-intervention-Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)-based head trauma) scoring system consisting of three parameters, namely, the motor subscore of the GCS, computerized tomography image findings, and management of the patient.

Advance directives among community-dwelling stroke survivors.

Objective: Advance directives (ADs) are integral to health care, allowing patients to specify surrogate decision-makers and treatment preferences in case of loss of capacity. The present study sought to identify determinants of ADs among stroke survivors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study (Care Attitudes and Preferences in Stroke Survivors [CAPriSS]), community-dwelling stroke survivors were surveyed on ADs; validated scales were used to query palliative care knowledge and attitudes towards life-sustaining treatments.

Americans with disabilities act cases initiated by individuals with cochlear implants in the United States.

Objective: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law that forbids discrimination against individuals with certain disabilities, including hearing impairment. This study aimed to determine the nature of ADA discrimination complaints in individuals with cochlear implants.

Methods: A search for court decisions containing the terms "cochlear implant" and ("Americans with Disabilities Act" or "ADA") from 1985 to 2021 was performed with the Westlaw Campus Research legal database.

Does Medical School Rank Impact Matching into Otolaryngology?

Objective(s): To describe how medical school rank may be associated with matriculation into otolaryngology residency programs.

Methods: A list of medical students who matched into otolaryngology residencies in 2020, 2021, and 2022 was obtained from Otomatch (Otomatch.com).

Looking for opportunities to co-enroll: The DISCOVERY study experience.

Background: Conducting high-quality stroke trials is complex and costly. Often these trials compete for the attention of researchers and the availability of patients. Enrolling patients in more than one study concurrently has the potential to accelerate recruitment into individual studies.

Botox and Dermal Fillers in Orthodontics - A Review.

Botulinum toxin and derma fillers have made their way into dentistry in recent years for both cosmetic and medicinal purposes. They are here to stay, and with more and more intraoral applications, they are quickly becoming a standard element of dental treatment. They offer the most important, minimally invasive procedures at a cheap cost and with little to no downtime.

Multi-class motion-based semantic segmentation for ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy.

Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy has evolved as the most commonly used technique for the treatment of kidney stones. Automated segmentation of kidney stones and the laser fiber is an essential initial step to performing any automated quantitative analysis, particularly stone-size estimation, that can be used by the surgeon to decide if the stone requires further fragmentation. However, factors such as turbid fluid inside the cavity, specularities, motion blur due to kidney movements and camera motion, bleeding, and stone debris impact the quality of vision within the kidney, leading to extended operative times.

COVID-19 and women's nutrition security: panel data evidence from rural India.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, India implemented a stringent nationwide lockdown. Although food value chains and allied activities were exempted from the lockdown, there were widespread disruptions in food access and availability. Using two panel-datasets, we distinguish the pandemic's impact on non-staples versus staples in relation to household food availability and women's diet diversity at the national, state, and district levels in four economically backward districts of Uttar Pradesh (Maharajganj), Bihar (Munger), and Odisha (Kandhamal and Kalahandi).

Endoscopic Surgical Excision of Ectopic Tooth in Left Nasal Cavity.

Ectopic teeth in the nasal cavity are a rare phenomenon. They are often associated with a variety of symptoms and future complications, ranging from nasal crusting and obstruction to chronic infections. In most reported cases, their removal is recommended.

Ground truthing the cost of achieving the EAT lancet recommended diets: Evidence from rural India.

In this paper, we quantify the divergence in the cost of current diets as compared to EAT Lancet recommendations at the subnational-level in India. We use primary data on food prices and household food purchases, and secondary data on food expenditures for a period of 12 months in 2018-19. The cost of the EAT Lancet dietary recommendations for rural India ranges between $3.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring for the Detection of Hypoglycemia in Patients With Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas.

Background: Detailed evaluations of hypoglycemia and associated indices based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are limited in patients with diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. Our study sought to evaluate the frequency and pattern of hypoglycemic events and to investigate hypoglycemia-specific indices in this population.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising 83 participants with diabetes of the exocrine pancreas.

Are Women in Rural India Really Consuming a Less Diverse Diet?

Background: It is widely considered that women have less diverse diets than other household members. However, it has been challenging to establish this empirically since women's diet diversity is measured differently from that of other household members.

Objective: In this article, we compare women's dietary diversity with that of their respective households and thereby generate a measure of "dietary gap.