Bioflavonoid Baicalein Modulates Tetracycline Resistance by Inhibiting Efflux Pump in .

The rise in antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens, particularly , has become a critical global health issue, necessitating the search for novel antimicrobial agents. uses various mechanisms to resist antibiotics, including the activation of efflux pumps, biofilm formation, and enzymatic modification of drugs. This study explores the potential of baicalein, a bioflavonoid from , in modulating tetracycline resistance in by inhibiting efflux pumps.

Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing, virulence and biofilm formation by extracts of Andrographis paniculata.

Quorum-sensing (QS) is known to play an essential role in regulation of virulence factors and toxins during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection which may frequently cause antibiotic resistance and hostile outcomes of inflammatory injury. Therefore, it is an urgent need to search for a novel agent with low risk of resistance development that can target QS and inflammatory damage prevention as well. Andrographis paniculata, a herbaceous plant under the family Acanthaceae, native to Asian countries and also cultivated in Scandinavia and some parts of Europe, has a strong traditional usage with its known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiviral and antioxidant properties.