Reports indicate a worldwide increase in the incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Carcinoma (EOCRC) (<50 years old). In an effort to understand the different modes of pathogenesis in early-onset CRC, colorectal tumors from EOCRC (<50 years old) and Late-Onset patients (LOCRC; >50 years old) were screened to eliminate microsatellite instability (MSI), nuclear β-catenin, and mutations, as these are known canonical factors in CRC pathogenesis. Small-RNA sequencing followed by comparative analysis revealed differential expression of 23 miRNAs (microRNAs) specific to EOCRC and 11 miRNAs specific to LOCRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe detection of early-stage diseases is often impeded by the low concentrations of protein biomarkers, necessitating sophisticated and costly technologies. In response, we have developed an advanced cyber-physical system that integrates blood plasma separation, biomarker detection, and analysis on a single microfluidic platform. This novel system enables the simultaneous detection of Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) with high specificity and accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Armed Forces India
December 2024
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex condition with multiple etiological factors. The ability to identify a potential underlying cause is crucial for accurate diagnosis, patient management, and prognostication. This article presents a series of three patient cases to illustrate the enigmatic nature of PH diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring HO levels in live cells is essential due to its superior stability and possible severity inside the cell. The quest for a superior platform capable of detecting cellular-level hydrogen peroxide (HO) concentrations without necessitating the use of high-cost enzymes is of utmost importance. Here, the quantification of intracellular HO concentrations has been performed using silver metal polymer-based nonenzymatic electrochemical detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Introduction: Two and half percent of the Indian population suffer from gallbladder cancer (GBC). The primary factors that lead GBC are associated with mutation of several protooncogenes such as EGFR, ERBB2, Myc, and CCND1 along with dysregulation of several tumor suppressor genes such as SMAD4 and CDKN2A. Bacterial infection caused by S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThorium (Th) and uranium (U) are important strategic resources in nuclear energy-based heavy industries such as energy and defense sectors that also generate significant radioactive waste in the process. The management of nuclear waste is therefore of paramount importance. Contamination of groundwater/surface water by Th/U is increasing at an alarming rate in certain geographical locations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of paper-based devices has drawn a significant amount of attention, ranging from the creation of paper electronics to microfluidic devices. The flow of fluids through the paper substrate can be controlled by establishing a variety of barriers, which can be accomplished by either cutting or producing layers that are hydrophobic. Through the utilisation of this feature, a number of investigations, including mixing, modifying, and analytical studies, have been carried out on the paper substrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFColorectal cancer (CC) is one of the most predominant malignancies in the world, with the current treatment regimen consisting of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), have gained popularity as first-line antineoplastic agents against CC but have several drawbacks, including variable absorption through the gastrointestinal tract, inconsistent liver metabolism, short half-life, toxicological reactions in several organ systems, and others. Therefore, herein, we develop chitosan-coated zinc-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CZCFNPs) for the pH-sensitive (triggered by chitosan degradation within acidic organelles of cells) and sustained delivery of 5-FU in CC cells in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdhesive dynamics of cells plays a critical role in determining different biophysical processes orchestrating health and disease in living systems. While the rolling of cells on functionalised substrates having similarity with biophysical pathways appears to be extensively discussed in the literature, the effect of an external stimulus in the form of an electric field on the same remains underemphasized. Here, we bring out the interplay of fluid shear and electric field on the rolling dynamics of adhesive cells in biofunctionalised micro-confinements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), even though widely used in microfluidic applications, its hydrophobic nature restricts its utility in some cases. To address this, PDMS may be used in conjunction with a hydrophilic material. Herein, the PDMS surface is modified by plasma treatment followed by cross-linking with the cataractous eye protein isolate (CEPI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe progressive inflammatory disease atherosclerosis promotes myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart attack. Anti-inflammatory drugs treat severe atherosclerosis. They are inadequate bioavailability and cause adverse effects at higher doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe dynamic equilibrium between an array of molecular forces precisely organizes the native structure of the protein. The charge on the protein, an interconnected network continuum, is crucial in determining its secondary and tertiary structure. The photolysis of the protein by ultraviolet (UV) light occurs by generating reactive oxygen intermediates from the interaction of matter and light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ewing sarcoma is a malignancy that commonly affects the skeletal system and primary extraskeletal involvement is rare. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) arises in soft tissue anywhere in the body. These are very rarely seen aggressive tumours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCOVID-19 infection has myriad manifestations from self-limiting illness to stormy multi-organ failure. A 28-year-old woman negative for COVID reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction underwent an uneventful elective device closure of atrial septal defect on intubation anesthesia. While a brief postprocedural endotracheal bleed was noted, significant hypoxia and respiratory distress ensued after extubation with biventricular dysfunction, pleural effusion, and radiographic evidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2023
The blood hematocrit (Hct) level provides vital information about a person's health. Traditional Hct measurement equipment relies heavily on infrastructure and skilled manpower, limiting its broad implementation in resource-limited contexts. Therefore, we developed a simple, reagent-free, non-destructive, smartphone-integrated paper-based device for Hct measurement by analyzing blood-spreading area on a paper substrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFolate receptors (FRs) are known to be over-expressed in several human malignancies and therefore serve as an important target for small radiolabeled folate derivatives for non-invasive imaging of tumor, which is an important tool for future treatment recourse. In the present article, we report the synthesis of a new Tc-labeled radiotracer for the aforementioned application following the well-established Tc-'4+1' chemistry. Formation of the desired [Tc]Tc-complex with >95% radiochemical purity was confirmed by radio-HPLC and its structure was ascertained by characterizing a natural rhenium analogue of the said complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present article describes the development of robust lyophilized kit for convenient formulation of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)] (E = glutamic acid, R = arginine, G = glycine, D = aspartic acid, f = phenylalanine, K = lysine) radiopharmaceutical for clinical use in non-invasive monitoring of malignancies overexpressing integrin αβ receptors. Five batches of the kit were prepared with optimized kit contents, all of which showed high Ga-radiolabeling yield (>98%). Pre-clinical evaluation of the [Ga]Ga-radiotracer in SCID mice bearing FTC133 tumour exhibited significant accumulation in the tumor xenograft.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA liquid filament may pinch off into different shapes on interacting with a soft surface, as modulated by the interplay of inertial, capillary, and viscous forces. While similar shape transitions may intuitively be realized for more complex materials such as soft gel filaments as well, their intricate controllability towards deriving precise and stable morphological features remains challenging, as attributed to the complexities stemming from the underlying interfacial interactions over the relevant length and time scales during the sol-gel transition process. Circumventing these deficits in the reported literature, here we report a new means of precisely-controlled fabrication of gel microbeads via exploiting thermally-modulated instabilities of a soft filament atop a hydrophobic substrate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurons in the mammalian brain exhibit enormous structural and functional diversity across different brain regions. Compared to our understanding of the morphological diversity of neurons, very little is known about the heterogeneity of neuronal nuclear morphology and how nuclear size changes in aging and diseased brains. Here, we report that the neuronal cell nucleus displays differences in area, perimeter, and circularity across different anatomical regions in the mouse brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF