[Pneumomediastinum and vomiting: Which approach to diagnosis? A case report].

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare and often unrecognized condition of which vomiting is one of the reported triggering factors. Differentiating SPM from Boerhaave's syndrome (pneumomediastinum secondary to esophageal breach) is the first step in management and prognosis.

Observation: A 27-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematous presented to the emergency department with epigastralgia, incoercible vomiting and diarrhoea.