Pseudophosphorylation of Arabidopsis jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme lipoxygenase 2 via mutation of Ser inhibits enzyme activity.

Jasmonates are oxylipin phytohormones critical for plant resistance against necrotrophic pathogens and chewing herbivores. An early step in their biosynthesis is catalyzed by non-heme iron lipoxygenases (LOX; EC 1.13.

Plant SUMO E3 Ligases: Function, Structural Organization, and Connection With DNA.

Protein modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays an important role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and the response to abiotic stresses. Mechanistically, SUMOylation is a sequential multi-enzymatic process where SUMO E3 ligases accelerate SUMO conjugation while also influencing target identity and interactions. This review explores the biological functions of plant SUMO E3 ligases [SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE (SIZs), METHYL METHANESULFONATE-SENSITIVITY PROTEIN 21 (MMS21s), and PROTEIN INHIBITOR OF ACTIVATED STAT-LIKE (PIALs)] in relation to their molecular activities and domains.

Toxic Responses of Palladium Accumulation in Duckweed (Lemna minor): Determination of Biomarkers.

Palladium (Pd) is a trace metal of the platinum group elements, representing an emerging contaminant for the environment. It is of great interest to characterize the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Pd to improve our toxicological knowledge for this contaminant. Under standardized toxicity testing conditions, we analyzed Pd accumulation and toxicity effects on the duckweed Lemna minor exposed to nominal concentrations from 2 to 50 µM.