Nanobioprospecting of photoautotrophs for the fabrication of quantum dots: mechanism and applications.

Quantum dots (QDs), also known as nanoparticle-based fluorescent probes, are luminescent semiconductor particles with a size range of 2-20 nm. The unique optical and electronic capabilities of QDs have led to expanded applications in several fields such as optoelectronics, transistors, sensors, photodetection, catalysis, and medicine. The distinct quantum effects of nanocrystals can be controlled by changing their sizes and shapes using a variety of top-down and bottom-up tactics.

Microbial Fabrication of Quantum Dots: Mechanism and Applications.

More recently, the application of semiconductor nanomaterials called quantum dots (QDs), has gained considerable attention as they possess tunable optoelectronic and physicochemical properties. There are several routes of QDs synthesis some of which include lithography, molecular beam epitaxy, and chemical reduction. However, most of these methods are expensive, labour intensive, and produce toxic by-products.

Agrowaste-generated biochar for the sustainable remediation of refractory pollutants.

The rapid growth of various industries has led to a significant, alarming increase in recalcitrant pollutants in the environment. Hazardous dyes, heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, and other associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) have posed a significant threat to the surroundings due to their refractory nature. Although activated carbon has been reported to be an adsorbent for removing contaminants from wastewater, it has its limitations.

Vancomycin and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus Isolates from a Tertiary Care Center in India.

Introduction: There is increasing development of antibiotic resistance among the Enterococcus species.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine prevalence and characterize the vancomycin-resistant and linezolid-resistant enterococcus isolates from a tertiary care center. Moreover, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates was also determined.

Nano-Conjugated Food-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides As Natural Biopreservatives: A Review of Technology and Applications.

In recent years, microbial food safety has garnered a lot of attention due to worldwide expansion of the food industry and processed food products. This has driven the development of novel preservation methods over traditional ones. Food-derived antimicrobial peptides (F-AMPs), produced by the proteolytic degradation of food proteins, are emerging as pragmatic alternatives for extension of the shelf-life of food products.

Synergistic and antibiofilm potential of derived silver nanoparticles in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Hospital acquired infections caused due to ESKAPE pathogens pose a challenge for treatment due to their growing antimicrobial resistance. (CA) is traditionally known for its antibacterial, wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study highlights the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (CAAgNPs) capped and stabilized by the compounds from CA rhizome extract, also further demonstrating their antibacterial, antibiofilm and synergistic effects against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.

Catalytic dye degradation by novel phytofabricated silver/zinc oxide composites.

Phytofabrication of the nanoparticles with exotic shape and size is an attractive area where nanostructures with noteworthy physicochemical and optoelectronic properties that can be significantly employed for photocatalytic dye degradation. In this study a medicinal plant, leaf extract (PALE) was used to synthesize zinc oxide particles (ZnOPs) and silver mixed zinc oxide particles (ZnOAg1Ps, ZnOAg10Ps, ZnO10Ag1Ps) by varying the concentration of the metal precursor salts, i.e.

mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles for catalytic dye degradation.

The application of nanotechnology is gaining worldwide attention due to attractive physico-chemical and opto-electronic properties of nanoparticles that can be also employed for catalytic dye degradation. This study reports a phytogenic approach for fabrication of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using (Berl.) I.

Synthesis of Graphene-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering.

Developing novel materials for bone tissue engineering is one of the most important thrust areas of nanomedicine. Several nanocomposites have been fabricated with hydroxyapatite to facilitate cell adherence, proliferation, and osteogenesis. In this study, hybrid nanocomposites were successfully developed using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHAPs), that when employed in bioactive scaffolds may potentially improve bone tissue regeneration.

Photosynthetic microbes in nanobiotechnology: Applications and perspectives.

Photosynthetic microbes like brown algae, red algae, green-algae and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are utilized extensively for various commercial and industrial purposes. However, in recent time, their application has shifted to nanotechnology. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using algal resources is known as Phyconanotechnology.

Nanobiotechnological prospects of probiotic microflora: Synthesis, mechanism, and applications.

Nanotechnology-driven solutions have almost touched every aspect of life, such as therapeutics, cosmetics, agriculture, and the environment. Physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles involve hazardous reaction conditions and toxic reducing as well as stabilizing agents. Hence, environmentally benign green routes are preferred to synthesize nanoparticles with tunable size and shape.

Biofilm Producing Isolates from Vaginal Microbiota.

Background: is an important cause of infection in the hospital as well as in the community.

Methods: A prospective study was done in Medical College, Kolkata for a period of 2 years (from January 2018 to December 2019). After obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, isolates from cases of vaginitis were included in the study.

Functionalized Chitosan Nanomaterials: A Jammer for Quorum Sensing.

The biggest challenge in the present-day healthcare scenario is the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance due to the rampant use of antibiotics in daily therapeutics. Such drug resistance is associated with the enhancement of microbial virulence and the acquisition of the ability to evade the host's immune response under the shelter of a biofilm. Quorum sensing (QS) is the mechanism by which the microbial colonies in a biofilm modulate and intercept communication without direct interaction.

Nanomaterials in Wound Healing and Infection Control.

Wounds continue to be a serious medical concern due to their increasing incidence from injuries, surgery, burns and chronic diseases such as diabetes. Delays in the healing process are influenced by infectious microbes, especially when they are in the biofilm form, which leads to a persistent infection. Biofilms are well known for their increased antibiotic resistance.

Bacteriogenic Platinum Nanoparticles for Application in Nanomedicine.

Nanoscale materials have recently gained wide attention due to their potential to revolutionize many technologies and industrial sectors, including information technology, homeland security, transportation, energy, food safety, environmental science, catalysis, photonics and medicine. Among various nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are widely used for biomedical applications, including imaging, implants, photothermal therapy and drug delivery. Indeed, PtNPs possesses intrinsic antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.

Antimicrobial Synergy of Silver-Platinum Nanohybrids With Antibiotics.

Various bacterial pathogens are responsible for nosocomial infections resulting in critical pathophysiological conditions, mortality, and morbidity. Most of the bacterial infections are associated with biofilm formation, which is resistant to the available antimicrobial drugs. As a result, novel bactericidal agents need to be fabricated, which can effectively combat the biofilm-associated bacterial infections.

Inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing mediated virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by marine sponge symbiont Brevibacterium casei strain Alu 1.

The alternative antimicrobial strategies that mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance is the quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) mechanism, which targets autoinducer dependent virulence gene expression in bacterial pathogens. N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) acts as a key regulator in the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and violacein pigment production in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. In the present study, the marine sponge Haliclona fibulata symbiont Brevibacterium casei strain Alu 1 showed potential QSI activity in a concentration-dependent manner (0.

Cross-sectional Study on Vitamin D Status in CKD Patients.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a disease characterized by alterations in either kidney structure or function or both for a minimum of 3 months duration. New evidences have established new paradigm in the management of CKD patients having Vitamin D deficiency. It appears in some studies that adequate replacement of Vitamin D in deficient population can reduce premature mortality and morbidity in CKD population.

Effect of silver doping on antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of ZnO nanorods.

Background: Increasing resistance to available drugs and their associated side-effects have drawn wide attention towards designing alternative therapeutic strategies for control of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The roles of the sizes and shapes of the nanomaterials used in the treatment and management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in preventing chronic hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress are investigated. We report specifically on the effects of doping silver (Ag) into the ZnO nanorods (ZnO:Ag NR's) as a rational drug designing strategy.

- and -Mediated Synthesis of Novel Copper Nanoparticles as Promising Antidiabetic Agents.

Rapid, eco-friendly, and cost-effective one-pot synthesis of copper nanoparticles is reported here using medicinal plants like and . Aqueous extracts of flower, leaf, and stem of and leaves of were prepared which could effectively reduce Cu ions to CuNPs within 5 h at 100°C which were further characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Further, the CuNPs were checked for antidiabetic activity using porcine pancreatic -amylase and -glucosidase inhibition followed by evaluation of mechanism using circular dichroism spectroscopy.

Mediated Synthesis of Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles for Induction of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer.

Green chemistry approaches for designing therapeutically significant nanomedicine have gained considerable attention in the past decade. Herein, we report for the first time on anticancer potential of phytogenic platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using a medicinal plant tuber extract (GSTE). The synthesis of the nanoparticles was completed within 5 hours at 100°C which was confirmed by development of dark brown and black colour for PtNPs and PdNPs, respectively, along with enhancement of the peak intensity in the UV-visible spectra.