[INTUSSUSCEPTION IN CHILDREN - GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT].

Ileocolic intussusception is the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infancy. Without rapid diagnosis and intervention, as well as collaboration among physicians from multiple disciplines, the patient's condition can deteriorate significantly, leading to ischemia and bowel necrosis. This position paper is the work of a committee of the Israel Pediatric Association, the Israel Pediatric Surgery Association, the Israel Radiological Association (Pediatric Imaging Section), and the Israel Association of Emergency Medicine (Pediatric Emergency Medicine Section) with the aim of establishing guidelines and thereby improving the treatment of children.

Practice variation in the management of pediatric intussusception: a narrative review.

Unlabelled: Ileocolic intussusception, a major cause of acute intestinal obstruction in young children, necessitates rapid diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment approach. A recent large study identified variations in pain management, sedation, and non-operative reduction methods in these patients. We aimed to explore variability within the diagnostic and treatment pathways of ileocolic intussusception.

Pediatric splenic infarction: Assessment of associated clinical conditions and outcome.

Pediatric splenic infarction (SI) is rare yet clinically significant. Publications regarding this complication are mostly limited to case reports. This is a retrospective study examining SI etiology, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes among children.

Treatment of severe Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis positive for NRAS mutation by MEK inhibition.

Background: Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a complex lymphatic anomaly involving most commonly the mediastinum, lung, skin and bones with few effective treatments. In recent years, RAS-MAPK pathway mutations were shown to underlie the pathogenesis of several complex lymphatic anomalies. Specifically, an activating NRAS mutation (p.

The earliest Pleistocene record of a large-bodied hominin from the Levant supports two out-of-Africa dispersal events.

The paucity of early Pleistocene hominin fossils in Eurasia hinders an in-depth discussion on their paleobiology and paleoecology. Here we report on the earliest large-bodied hominin remains from the Levantine corridor: a juvenile vertebra (UB 10749) from the early Pleistocene site of 'Ubeidiya, Israel, discovered during a reanalysis of the faunal remains. UB 10749 is a complete lower lumbar vertebral body, with morphological characteristics consistent with Homo sp.

The Modified Bosniak Classification for Intermediate-Risk Renal Cysts in Children.

Objectives: To examine correlations of the modified Bosniak categories assigned by radiologists to histological results and inter-rater reliability, focusing on intermediate-risk lesions.

Materials And Methods: The data of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for intermediate-risk complex renal cyst at a tertiary medical center in 2006-2019 were collected retrospectively. Four pediatric radiologists from 2 different medical centers reviewed the available imaging scans, and assigned each to one of the four modified Bosniak classification categories.

Neuroimaging Findings in Children with Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency is a hereditary childhood cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by brain tumors and colorectal and hematologic malignancies. Our objective was to describe the neuroimaging findings in patients with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 14 children with genetically confirmed constitutional mismatch repair deficiency who were referred to 2 tertiary pediatric oncology centers.

Predictors for plication performance following diaphragmatic paralysis in children.

Introduction And Objectives: Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) in children can result from various etiologies. Guidelines for patient selection for diaphragmatic plication (DPL) are lacking. Our objectives were to describe the etiologies of DP and to determine the risk factors and predictors for DPL in the pediatric population.

Cerebral and portal vein thrombosis, macrocephaly and atypical absence seizures in Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol deficiency due to a PIGM promoter mutation.

Defects of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway constitute an emerging subgroup of congenital disorders of glycosylation with heterogeneous phenotypes. A mutation in the promoter of PIGM, resulting in a syndrome with portal vein thrombosis and persistent absence seizures, was previously described in three patients. We now report four additional patients in two unrelated families, with further clinical, biochemical and molecular delineation of this unique entity.

Development of Pelvic Incidence and Lumbar Lordosis in Children and Adolescents.

Pelvic incidence (PI) is a measure of the sagittal orientation of the sacrum relative to the acetabula and is not dependent on posture. In asymptomatic adults, PI correlates with lumbar lordosis. Lumbar lordosis is shown to increase with age following the onset of unassisted bipedal locomotion in children, but to what extent PI changes in relation to lumbar lordosis during skeletal maturation is unclear.

Cross-sectional area of lumbar spinal muscles and vertebral endplates: a secondary analysis of 91 computed tomography images of children aged 2-20.

Unlabelled: Spinal muscle cross-sectional area has been highly associated with spinal pathology. Despite the medium-high prevalence of spinal pathology in children, there is very limited knowledge regarding muscle size and growth pattern in individuals younger than 20 years of age. The aim of this study is to analyze the change in size and symmetry of spinal muscles (erector spinae, multifidus, psoas and quadratus lumborum) in children 2-20 years of age.

Elevated IgM levels as a marker for a unique phenotype in patients with Ataxia telangiectasia.

Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare, multi-systemic, genetic disorder. Mutations in the ATM gene cause dysfunction in cell-cycle, apoptosis and V (D) J recombination leading to neurodegeneration, cellular, humoral immunodeficiencies and predisposition to malignancies. Previous studies have suggested that a sub-group of AT patients with elevated IgM levels have a distinct and more severe phenotype.

The Added Value of the Lateral Chest Radiograph for Diagnosing Community Acquired Pneumonia in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Background: Opinions differ as to the need of a lateral radiograph for diagnosing community acquired pneumonia in children referred to the emergency department. A lateral radiograph increases the ionizing radiation burden but at the same time may improve specificity and sensitivity in this population.

Objectives: To determine the value of the frontal and lateral chest radiographs compared to frontal view stand-alone images for the management of children with suspected community acquired pneumonia seen in a pediatric emergency department.

Superb Microvascular Imaging: Added Value and Novel Applications.

Determining the presence and characteristics of vascular flow is an essential part of sonography interrogation. However, small vessels and low velocities are not always possible to depict with conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound. This can be frustrating, especially when the diagnosis depends mainly on the existence of vascular flow, the sonographic examination will be inconclusive, further imaging examinations will be required and diagnosis delayed.

Increased Renal Echogenicity in Children With Appendicitis.

Objectives: Ultrasound (US) is an important modality for the detection of acute appendicitis in children but has limited sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, additional US findings may contribute to the diagnosis. In our experience, children with acute appendicitis often have increased renal cortical echogenicity on US imaging.

Surgical Treatment of Gastro-Pulmonary Fistula Following Bariatric Surgery: Possible and Safe.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a common surgical management of morbid obesity. Major complication rate is 3-8%. Staple line leak is one of the most serious complications.

Pediatric chest ultrasound: a practical approach.

Chest ultrasonography is an important imaging adjunct for diagnosing and managing disease in children. Compared with CT and MRI, ultrasound is cheaper, portable and provides vascular or flow-related information that cannot otherwise be obtained noninvasively. The spatial and temporal resolution of ultrasound is excellent, particularly for superficial structures.

The first Neanderthal remains from an open-air Middle Palaeolithic site in the Levant.

The late Middle Palaeolithic (MP) settlement patterns in the Levant included the repeated use of caves and open landscape sites. The fossil record shows that two types of hominins occupied the region during this period-Neandertals and Homo sapiens. Until recently, diagnostic fossil remains were found only at cave sites.

Evolution of Spinopelvic Alignment in Hominins.

Spinopelvic alignment refers to the interaction between pelvic orientation, spinal curvatures, and the line of gravity. In a healthy modern human, this alignment is characterized by reciprocal curves/orientation of the sacrum, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and cervical lordosis. In an economic sagittal posture, these curvatures keep the line of gravity close to the center of the acetabulum.

Cervical lordosis: the effect of age and gender.

Background Context: Cervical lordosis is of great importance to posture and function. Neck pain and disability is often associated with cervical lordosis malalignment. Surgical procedures involving cervical lordosis stabilization or restoration must take into account age and gender differences in cervical lordosis architecture to avoid further complications.

Torsed and Nontorsed Inguinal Undescended Testis: Comparison of Computed Tomography Findings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the computed tomography imaging features of a torsed inguinal testis with nontorsed inguinal testes.

Methods: Computed tomography scans of patients with undescended testes were retrospectively collected (2011-2016). Imaging features of nontorsed undescended testis were compared with a case of an inguinal torsed testis.

Mutations in STN1 cause Coats plus syndrome and are associated with genomic and telomere defects.

The analysis of individuals with telomere defects may shed light on the delicate interplay of factors controlling genome stability, premature aging, and cancer. We herein describe two Coats plus patients with telomere and genomic defects; both harbor distinct, novel mutations in STN1, a member of the human CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex, thus linking this gene for the first time to a human telomeropathy. We characterized the patients' phenotype, recapitulated it in a zebrafish model and rescued cellular and clinical aspects by the ectopic expression of wild-type STN1 or by thalidomide treatment.