Tripolar Dislocation: Elbow Terrible Triad-Essex-Lopresti Injury-Trans-scaphoid Perilunate Dislocation: A Case Report.

Case: A 23-year-old man presented with a right upper limb injury after a 10-m fall. Initial evaluation demonstrated a terrible triad elbow injury associated with a trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. Elbow stabilization with radial head replacement and carpal fixation was performed.

Understanding a mass in the paraspinal region: an anatomical approach.

The paraspinal region encompasses all tissues around the spine. The regional anatomy is complex and includes the paraspinal muscles, spinal nerves, sympathetic chains, Batson's venous plexus and a rich arterial network. A wide variety of pathologies can occur in the paraspinal region, originating either from paraspinal soft tissues or the vertebral column.

The interosseous tuberosities of the forearm exist from 1-year-old: a pediatric radiological study describing the ages of appearance of the different forearm reliefs.

Purpose: Interosseous tuberosities have been described in adults on the radial and ulnar sides. However, their presence at birth and their development during growth is still unknown. The objective of this work is to establish the age of onset of this tuberosity among a cohort of children aged 1-year-old or older.

Chronic elbow instability in adults: The why, when and how of ligament reconstruction.

Chronic elbow instability in adults mainly consists of valgus instability and posterolateral instability. They most often occur because of ligament damage following elbow dislocation but can also occur due to repeated microtrauma. The aim of ligament stabilization surgery is always the same: recreate the anatomy and function of the original ligament.

Biomechanical assessment of the central band of the interosseous membrane using shear wave elastography: reliability and reproducibility.

The interosseous membrane of the forearm is an essential structure for the stability of the forearm skeleton, the most important part being the central band. The purpose of this study was to determine if shear wave elastography, a non-invasive ultrasound technique, can be used to measure shear wave speed in the central band and quantify stiffness. Fifteen healthy adult subjects were included (30 forearms).

Complex Posterior Glenohumeral Instability Case Management.

A 21-year-old male patient suffering from insidious shoulder instability from neurogenic and structural attenuation of shoulder stabilizer, due to old minor cerebrovascular accident, presented with a two-year history of repetitive shoulder dislocation, operated by fixing the biceps tendon to its insertion on the superior labrum, correction of the glenoid version and reattaching the subscapular tendon along with a new technique for stabilization of the shoulder replicating the coracohumeral ligament with a ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) transplant. Following structured physical therapy, our patient returned to normal daily activities at 15 months.

Subscapularis minor-does it exist?

Introduction: It has been well established that the subscapularis is divided in two different parts with a tendinous insertion at its superior two-thirds and a muscular attachment on its inferior third. The objective of this cadaveric study was to follow the muscular insertion of the subscapularis medially in order to determine the origin of this inferior muscle insertion and whether a subscapularis minor can be individualized MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six shoulders from thirteen fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens (5 males and 8 females; mean age, 74.4 years) were dissected in our anatomy lab.

Arthroscopic proximal carpal row replacement by semitendinosus and gracilis graft (CArpus Row Plasty Using the Semitendinosus: CARPUS procedure). An anatomical study of 16 cases.

Introduction: Post-traumatic lesions of the carpus (scapholunate rupture, scaphoid non-union) frequently evolve into disabling osteoarthritis (scapholunate advanced collapse or scaphoid non-union advanced collapse: SLAC or SNAC wrist). Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a reliable option but with poorer prognosis in case of osteoarthritis of the distal radius or capitate head. In such situations, radiocarpal arthrodesis may be necessary, sacrificing wrist motion.

Decompression of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch under combined arthroscopic and ultrasound guidance.

Decompression of the suprascapular nerve (SSNe) at the suprascapular notch (SSNo) is usually performed with an arthroscopic procedure. This technique is well described but locating the nerve is complex because it is deeply buried and surrounded by soft tissue. We propose to combine ultrasound and arthroscopy (US-arthroscopy) to facilitate nerve localization, exposure and release.

The ulnar interosseous tuberosity exists: a radiological and descriptive cadaveric study.

Purpose: The anatomy of the ulna seems to have already been described exhaustively, particularly at its extremities, but very little in its middle third. We report the existence of an interosseous tuberosity on the interosseous border of the ulnar shaft that we have named the "tuberositas interossea ulnarii" (TIU).

Methods: First, we analyzed all side view X-rays of the forearm in neutral rotation, as well as forearm CT scans carried out during a 1-year period in our hospital.

Use of Gracile and semi-tendinosus tendons (GRAST) for the reconstruction of irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Background: Irreparable rotator cuff tears are common and difficult to treat. Techniques for "filling the loss of substance" require fixation to the rotator cuff stump (tendon augmentation) or to the glenoid (superior capsular reconstruction), which are complicated by the narrow working zone of the subacromial space. The main objective of this study was to determine whether a braided graft of gracilis (GR) and semitendinosus (ST) could fill a loss of tendon substance from an irreparable rupture of the supra- and infraspinatus, by fixing the graft to the greater tuberosity and the spine of the scapula.

Stabilization of the radial head with the palmaris longus or the gracilis tendon: an anatomical feasibility study.

Purpose: The proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ) and the radiocapitellar joint may be destabilized after trauma. Different techniques for stabilization of PRUJ have been proposed, but none of them can stabilize the radiocapitellar joint at the same time. We propose a ligamentoplasty to stabilize the radial head at these two joints by reconstructing the radial head annular ligament and the lateral collateral ulnar ligament (LCUL) with a single graft (palmaris longus or gracilis tendon of the knee).

The interosseous tuberosity of radius: a descriptive radiological and cadaveric anatomical study.

Purpose: The radius is described with a single tuberosity: the radial tuberosity. However, we hypothesize that there is a second tuberosity on the interosseous border of the radius: which we propose to call the interosseous tuberosity - Tuberositas interossea radii - (IT).

Methods: First, we analyzed all anteroposterior radiographs of the forearm (48 females, 54 males; 62 lefts and 40 rights) as well as CT scans (6 females, 7 males; 5 lefts and 8 rights) carried out during one year in our hospital.

The paraspinal muscle-tendon system: Its paradoxical anatomy.

Anatomy of the muscle-tendon system is an important component to musculoskeletal models. In particular, the cross-sectional area of belly (mCSA) and tendon (tCSA) provides information about the maximum force that a muscle may exert. The ratio of mCSA to tCSA (rCSA) demonstrates how muscle force is related to the ability to resist/transmit the force to bone.

Posture-related stiffness mapping of paraspinal muscles.

The paraspinal compartment acts as a bone-muscle composite beam of the spine. The elastic properties of the paraspinal muscles play a critical role in spine stabilization. These properties depend on the subjects' posture, and they may be drastically altered by low back pain.

Organization of the fascia and aponeurosis in the lumbar paraspinal compartment.

Purpose: The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and the erector spinae aponeurosis (ESA) play significant roles in the biomechanics of the spine and could be a source of low back pain. Attachment, collagen fiber direction, size and biomechanical properties of the TLF have been well documented. However, questions remain about the attachment of the TLF and ESA in relation to adjoining tissues in the lumbosacral region.

Influence of thoracolumbar fascia stretching on lumbar back muscle stiffness: A supersonic shear wave elastography approach.

The lumbar paraspinal muscle compartment (PMC) is a stabilizing system of the spine whose efficiency depends on its elastic properties, which may be quantifiable by supersonic shear wave elastography (SWE). The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) encapsulates the lumbar paraspinal muscles (LPM) and creates a PMC. Tensioning of the TLF via the stretching of the latissimus dorsi is supposed to increase stiffness within the PMC.

Magnetic resonance elastography of the lumbar back muscles: A preliminary study.

Back pain is associated with increased lumbar paraspinal muscle (LPM) stiffness identified by manual palpation and strain elastography. Recently, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has allowed the stiffness of muscle to be characterized noninvasively in vivo, providing quantitative 3D stiffness maps (elastograms). The aim of this study was to characterize the stiffness (shear modulus, SM) of the LPM (multifidus and erector spinae) using MRE.

De novo generation in an in vivo rat model and biomechanical characterization of autologous transplants for ligament and tendon reconstruction.

Background: Surgical reconstruction of ligaments and tendons is frequently required in clinical practice. The commonly used autografts, allografts, or synthetic transplants present limitations in terms of availability, biocompatibility, cost, and mechanical properties that tissue bioengineering aims to overcome. It classically combines an exogenous extracellular matrix with cells, but this approach remains complex and expensive.

Combinatorial therapy with two pro-coagulants and one osmotic agent reduces the extent of the lesion in the acute phase of spinal cord injury in the rat.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex disease that leads to a motor, sensitive, and vegetative impairment. So far, single therapies are ineffective for treating SCI in humans and a multifactorial therapeutic approach may be required. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of a triple therapy (TT) associating two pro-coagulant therapies (tranexamic acid and fibrinogen) with an anti-edema therapy (hypertonic saline solution), on the extent of the lesion 24 h post-injury.

Shear wave sonoelastography of skeletal muscle: basic principles, biomechanical concepts, clinical applications, and future perspectives.

Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation of muscular diseases. However, one important limitation is its incapacity to assess the in vivo biomechanical properties of the muscles. The emerging shear wave sonoelastography technique offers a quantifiable spatial representation of the viscoelastic characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Feasibility assessment of shear wave elastography to lumbar back muscles: A Radioanatomic Study.

Low back pain is often associated with tensional changes in the paraspinal muscles detected by palpatory procedures. Shear wave elastography (SWE), recently introduced, allows the stiffness of muscles to be assessed noninvasively. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of using SWE on the three main lumbar back muscles (multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis) in vivo after analyzing their muscular architecture ex vivo.

Hamate and pisiform coalition: a case report and introduction to the carpal C-sign on lateral radiograph.

Hamate-pisiform coalition is an exceptional form of carpal coalition. Case reports are essential to gain a better understanding of this variant. We report a case of congenital bilateral hamate-pisiform coalition in a 20-year-old male discovered in the context of a right wrist trauma.