Correlation between salivary estrogen levels and oral epithelial cytokeratin 5 expression.

Estrogen expression levels may be associated with age and may affect keratinization of the hard palate. Keratinized epithelium expresses cytokeratin 5 and 14 in the basal layer. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the levels of salivary estrogen and number of cytokeratin 5-positive oral epithelial cells.

The protective effects of antigen-specific IgY on pyocyanin-treated human lymphoma Raji cells.

Pyocyanin (PCN), a highly pathogenic pigment produced by , induces caspase 3-dependent human B cell (Raji cells) death. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to assess whether antigen-specific IgY antibodies may be protective on PCN-induced Raji cell death. Chickens were subcutaneously immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant containing PCN, and then given two boosted immunizations.

Interference RNA in immune-mediated oral diseases - minireview.

Immune-mediated oral disorders are characterised by their chronicity, and some are refractory to treatment. Interference RNA (iRNA) has been implicated in the underlying mechanism of such immune-mediate oral and refractory inflammatory oral diseases. iRNA-based understanding of the mechanism in these diseases may help to produce non-invasive diagnostic methodologies and treatment modalities of such drug non-responsive diseases.

The effect of immune status, age and genetic background on induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus in mice.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of immune status, age and genetic background on the induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus. Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and antigen-specific serum antibody levels could be induced in DBA/2 mice intragastrically and systemically immunized with A. viscocus, suggesting the induction of oral tolerance.

Interleukin-4 and interferon- γ levels in Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Cytokines have been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: Serum levels and gene expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assessed by immunologic and PCR assays, respectively in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated IM and NPC and EBV nega-tive controls.

Results: The serum levels of IFN- γ were elevated, but those of IL-4 were decreased in IM and NPC patients as compared with those of the control group (p < 0.

Effect of acute exercise on the levels of salivary cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide.

The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of salivary cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) before, during and after acute exercise. Acute exercise was induced using a standard treadmill test with Bruce protocol in ten physically active male participants. Unstimulated saliva was collected before, during and after exercise.

The role of CD4+ T cells in the induction of contact hypersensitivity to mercury in a murine model.

Background: The exact immunopathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity (CH) to mercury remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of CD4+ T cells in mercury-induced CH in mice.

Methods: Splenic CD4+ T cells obtained from nonsensitized and mercury-sensitized Balb/c mice were adoptively transferred to groups I and II of the syngeneic recipients, respectively.

Immunohistochemical analysis of granzyme B in non-perforated appendicitis--short communication.

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression ofgranzyme B in non-perforated appendicitis. Appendix biopsies were obtained from the patients with clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis and subjects admitted for elective abdominal surgery. All biopsies from the patients were non-perforated and histologically divided into acute and non-acute appendicitis.

The association between maternal periodontitis and low birth weight infants among Malay women.

Objectives: Maternal periodontitis has been suggested as one of the risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) infants. The objective of this study was to determine the association between maternal periodontitis and LBW infants among Malay women.

Methods: Screening periodontal examinations were carried out on all eligible Malay pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy attending two randomly selected community maternal and child health clinics in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.

Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on the proliferation of a human osteoblast (HOS) cell line induced by hydroxyapatite.

Aim: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the proliferation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) may be up-regulated by exogenous nitric oxide (NO).

Methods: HOS cells were cultured on the surface of HA with or without the presence of a NO donor, S-nitroso acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) or nitroso acetyl penicillamine (NAP). 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) known as carboxy PTIO, a NO scavenger, was added in the cell cultures with or without the presence of SNAP.

Cyclic-AMP-dependent proliferation of a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) induced by hydroxyapatite: effect of exogenous nitric oxide.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE WORK: Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to enhance the production of cAMP by hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exogenous NO may up-regulate the proliferation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced HOS cells via the cyclic-AMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.

Methods: HOS cells were pre-incubated with ODQ (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator), IBMX [phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor], siguazodan (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), or KT5720 (PKA inhibitor), and then, cultured on the surface of HA with or without the presence of SNAP (NO donor).

The role of nitric oxide on the proliferation of a human osteoblast cell line stimulated with hydroxyapatite.

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the proliferation of a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) stimulated with hydroxyapatite (HA) may be regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The cells were cultured on the surface of HA. Medium or cells alone were used as controls.

The effect of nitric oxide on the production of cyclic AMP by a human osteoblast (HOS) cell line stimulated with hydroxyapatite.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) by a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) stimulated with hydroxyapatite. Cells were cultured on the HA surfaces with or without the presence of NO donors (SNAP and NAP) for 3 days. The effect of adenylyl cyclase inhibitor (SQ22536), NO scavenger (carboxy PTIO) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-NIO), was assessed by adding these to the cultures of HA-stimulated HOS cells with or without the presence of SNAP.

Nitric oxide production by murine spleen cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

The aim of this study was to determine whether Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans) could induce murine spleen cells to produce nitric oxide (NO). Spleen cells derived from Balb/c mice were stimulated with LPS-A.

The effect of nitric oxide on the production of prostaglandin E2 by hydroxyapatite-stimulated a human osteoblast (HOS) cell line.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) stimulated with hydroxyapatite. Cells were cultured on the HA surfaces with or without the presence of NO donors (SNAP and NAP) for 3 days. The effect of NO scavenger, carboxy PTIO, or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, L-NIO, was assessed by adding this scavenger in the cultures of HA-stimulated HOS cells with or without the presence of SNAP.

Histological analysis of rat dental pulp tissue capped with propolis.

The aim of the present study was to assess the response of rat dental pulp to direct pulp capping with propolis. Flavonoid and non-flavonoid materials were purified from an ethanol extract of propolis obtained from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A Class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface of the right maxillary first molar in Sprague Dawley rats.

The effect of L-arginine on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced phagocytosis of a murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell line.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of L-arginine on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells. The cells were pretreated with L-arginine or D-arginine prior to incubation with either unopsonized or opsonized P.

Intracellular proteins involved in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced opsonophagocytic activities of a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells).

The aim of this study was to determine the role of intracellular proteins in phagocytosis of opsonized Porphyromonas gingivalis by RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line. This periodontopathogen was grown anaerobically and opsonized with an IgG2a murine monoclonal anti-P.

Effect of sodium fluoride on the murine splenic immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro.

Spleen cells from saline- and Porphyromonas gingivalis-primed mice were cultured and stimulated with or without P. gingivalis and added with or without various concentration of sodium fluoride (NaF). Cell proliferation, antigen-specific IgG antibodies and both IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels were determined by a colorimetric assay, ELISA and commercial ELISA kits respectively.

Effect of nifedipine on the expression of bcl-2 protein in rat gingiva.

Bcl-2 is a family of proteins involved in protecting the cell against death stimuli or in promoting cell death. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nifedipine treatment on the expression of bcl-2 protein in rat gingival tissues. Rats were given gastric intubation with various concentrations and durations of nifedipine.

The effect of parachlorophenol and camphorated parachlorophenol on nitric oxide production by a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parachlorophenol (PCP) and camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP) on nitric oxide (NO) production by a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. The cells were incubated on plastic disks with either PCP or CMCP.

Interleukin-10 levels in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of interleukin-10 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Both biopsies and sera were obtained from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma as well as Epstein-Barr virus-seronegative patients as a control. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were classified using the World Health Organization pathological assessment and clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Effects of parachlorophenol and camphorated parachlorophenol on the phagocytic activities of a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7).

The aim of this study was to determine whether the phagocytic functions of a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells) may be altered by parachlorophenol (PCP) and camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP). The adherence capacities of PCP- or CMCP-treated cells on plastic surfaces were much lower than those of untreated cells.

The effect of fish oil on bone resorption following pulp exposure in rats.

The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with fish oil may alter the periapical bone resorption following pulp exposure in rats. Untreated and pulp-exposed animals served as the negative and positive control, respectively. Other pulp-exposed animals were orally treated with fish oil at different concentrations and frequencies.

The role of CD4+ cells in vivo on the induction of the immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in mice.

Background: It has previously been suggested that CD4+ T cells play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response to periodontal pathogens. The aim of the present study therefore was to determine delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), spleen cell proliferation, serum and splenic anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody levels, and lesion sizes following challenge with viable P. gingivalis in CD4-depleted BALB/c mice immunized with P.