[Ophthalmological assessment of professionally significant functions in persons undergone laser myopia correction].

Professionally significant functions (visual acuity, color vision and its parameters, and dark adaptation and its parameters) were determined in moderate and severe myopia before and after its excimer laser correction by the LASIK method: in early (1, 3 months) and late (6, 12 months) periods after surgery to decide where the operated persons are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway traffic safety. Sixty-one patients with moderate and severe myopia and 23 control individuals were examined at the Moscow Research and Technological Complex "Eye Surgery". The examinations have demonstrated that the values of visual acuity, color vision, and dark adaptation considerably improved.

[Quantitative criteria for the evaluation of congenital chromatic vision disorders].

The minimum angular size of a color stimulus required for its discrimination has been ascertained to be a quantitative criterion for evaluating the form and degree of congenital chromatic visual diseases. Unlike individuals with normal color perception who distinguish all basic and intermediate colors despite their saturation, anomalous trichromats discriminate more saturated colors with larger angular sizes of stimuli than those with normal color perception. Mild and moderate anomalous trichromats do not discriminate lowly saturated colors or for this they require the angular sizes tens of times greater those for normal trichromats.

[Computer display color combinations and symbols that provide the optimum visual working capacity of an operator].

While working with displays, a combination of white and yellow objects against the black, dark grey, and blue backgrounds was found to be the best in visibility. When the objects were observed against the pale grey and green backgrounds of a display, eye functional changes were minimal, which causes the authors to recommend them as the optimum backgrounds. To reduce visual fatigability when a person works on a computer requires to alternate backgrounds by using white and yellow objects against the black and blue backgrounds for short-term emergency transmissions and green and pale grey backgrounds for presenting continuous current information.

[State of occupationally significant visual function in locomotive team personnel working in radioactive pollution areas].

Long exposure to small radio activity doses have no impact on the acuity of photopic and mesopic vision, on the resistance of eyes to glare, and on the rapidity of color differentiation, which remain to be at the high level that meets medical requirements for the professional abilities of locomotive workers.

[A comparative study of sun-protective glasses for locomotive team workers].

Solar flashes of 1500 to 9000 kd/m2 have been ascertained to have an adverse impact on the functional status of a visual analyzer. Comparing Russian and foreign sun-proof filters has indicated that a HC-9 neutral light-proof filter and a NIIOOIK film have the optimum light-protective properties, which may be recommended for use in the sun-proof glasses for locomotive workers.

[The research achievements and prospects in the field of railroad medicine in providing traffic safety].

Experience in ensuring safe traffic at the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene is summarized. Various aspects of this line of activities, such as medicopsychological professional selection, medical examination of engine-drivers, training how to behave in emergency, etc., are considered.

[The physiological hygiene bases for the requirements for illumination and color decor of the quarters for the station masters].

The values 100 to 200 lux are the most favourable levels of illumination for differentiation of red and green luminous objects. The 500-1000-lux illumination causes a considerable reduction in the visual range of red and green objects. Comparative assessment of the colour of materials used for a control desk has indicated that the colours in the mid-wave range are the best in differentiating red and green objects.

[The medical prophylactic problems of driving locomotives by an engineer without an assistant].

The medically preventive aspects of driving safety for engine drivers without an assistant are considered in the paper. It shows it necessary to solve the problem of preventing the fatigue of the visual and acoustic analyzers in the drivers in the research setting and to optimize the control desk and the driver's whole cab.

[Correctional aspects of anisometropia in railway machine operators].

The authors assessed occupationally significant visual functions in anisometropy varying in type and degree. Disorders of occupationally significant visual functions depend reliably on anisometropy degree. Correction of anisometropy with recovered vision and binocular functions restores all parameters of night and color vision.

[State of the visual function in locomotive team personnel working in zones of radioactive pollution].

Professionally significant visual functions were examined in members of locomotive teams living and working in zones of radioactive pollution. Exposure to low-dose radiation was found to have an adverse effect on the status of visual analyzer, the degree of impairment being related to the level of radioactivity and age of the patient.

[Occupational rehabilitation of railway workers after refraction surgery].

The authors studied occupationally significant visual functions (vision, parameters of color and photopic vision) in patients who faced refraction surgeries correcting myopia or hypermetropia. Preoperative studies and examinations in 0.5 and 1.

[Pigment method to train color vision in the rehabilitation of railway workers with congenital disorders of color perception].

The authors elaborated an effective method to master color vision through pigment tables. The method enables subnormal trichromats to normalize or improve colors perception and relieve existing disorders. The training course for deuteranomalopia "C" patients should comprise 8-10 procedures, that for deuteranomalopia "B" and protanopia "C" patients-11-13 procedures, that for protanopia B" patients--under 20 procedures.

[Phasic character of the process of color sensitivity in the visual analyzer].

In subjects with normal three-chromatic vision, during long-term uninterrupted adaptation (6--8 min) to spectral stimuli of different spectral areas (lambda=650+585 nm; lambda=535+585 nm), it was found that the state of color sensitivity undergoes changes in the form of alternating active (correct) and passive (wrong) phases of color discrimination. First, the phase of active color discrimination prevails, then both phases become sort of balanced, and in the end of the adaptation the phase of passive color discrimination increases considerably. The time of duration of these phases depends on the wave--length of the adapting stimulus.