Patients' Positions on the Degree of Trust to be Placed in Physicians.

Patient-physician relationship is ideally based on mutual trust. Trust usually takes times to build but can quite instantaneously be destroyed as a result of a single action or a single misperception. This study examined the way patients conceptualize the relationship between trust in a physician and perceived competency, honesty and openness, and personal involvement in care.

"Comprehensive Healthcare for America": Using the Insights of Behavioral Economics to Transform the U. S. Healthcare System.

"Comprehensive Healthcare for America" is a largely single-payer reform proposal that, by applying the insights of behavioral economics, may be able to rally patients and clinicians sufficiently to overcome the opposition of politicians and vested interests to providing all Americans with less complicated and less costly access to needed healthcare.

Judging the possibility of the onset of diabetes mellitus type 2 from reported behavioral changes and from family history.

Background: Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes is common and can lead to unrecognized health complications. Given that earlier detection can reduce the damage to vital organs, it is important for all persons to be able to make the connection between certain new manifestations in their bodies and the possibility of diabetes. This study examined the extent to which people use the behavioral changes they observe in others (or in themselves), as well as relevant family history, to judge the possibility of the onset of diabetes.

A Proposal to Increase Value and Equity in the Development and Distribution of New Pharmaceuticals.

The process of developing and marketing new pharmaceuticals in the United States is driven by a need to maximize returns to shareholders. This results all too often in the production of new medications that are expensive and of marginal value to patients and society. In line with our heightened awareness of the importance of social justice and public health-and in light of our government's alliance with private companies in bringing us COVID-19 vaccines-we need to reconsider how new pharmaceuticals are developed and distributed.

Young Indians' Willingness to Make a Living Organ Donation.

Background: The large unmet need in India for organs to transplant calls for an increase in living organ donations. This study examined the positions of Indian university students on making a living organ donation.

Methods: A convenience sample of 339 students from Karnatak University rated willingness to be a living donor in 48 scenarios consisting of all combinations of 5 factors: recipient's identity (close family member vs stranger), level of surgical risk for the donor, possible long-term health consequences for the donor, probability of transplant success, and likelihood of finding other donors (the subject is one of the rare compatible donors or one donor among others).

Positions of French Nurses Regarding the use of Hypnotherapy to Relieve Pain in Postoperative Settings.

The objective of this study was to carry out a detailed mapping of the different personal positions of French nurses concerning the practice of hypnotherapy. Factorial design was used to assess the impact of 4 situational factors: type of postoperative care and degree of pain associated with it (chemotherapy, wound cleansing and bandaging, or body grooming that leads to pain on mobilization); whether paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) was administrated along with hypnosis or not; professional credentials of the hypnotherapist; and patient's identity (adult, young person, elderly person, or young person with learning difficulties). A combination of scenario technique and cluster analysis was implemented.

Developing a Novel Interactive Colorectal Cancer Educational Session for First-Year Medical Students to Enhance Interest in Public Health.

Medical students need more exposure to and a greater understanding of their role in public health throughout their training, which may influence more of them to pursue careers in public health or change how they practice medicine in the future. A novel colorectal cancer education session was created for first year medical students to attempt to increase public health interest, improve colorectal cancer knowledge and discuss barriers to colorectal cancer screening. We constructed a novel integrated interactive peer led colorectal cancer educational session of panelists with a wide range of experiences in colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer screening.

Assessing hospitalized patients' quality of life from external indices: the perspectives of lay people and health professionals.

Purpose: We examined the way people assess hospitalized patients' quality of life from what they immediately observe when entering the patient's room, from what they learn by conversing with the patient, and from what they know about the patient's social life.

Methods: A sample of 474 adults (among them 7 physicians, 57 nurses, and 42 nurse's aides) aged 18-90 years was presented with 54 realistic scenarios depicting the situation of a terminally ill patient, and created by orthogonally combining the levels of four factors: chronic pain (e.g.

High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Amoxicillin Plus Clavulanate for Adults With Acute Sinusitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acute bacterial sinusitis is common, but currently recommended antibiotic treatment provides minimal benefit.

Objective: To confirm the previous finding that high-dose amoxicillin plus clavulanate (with double the amount of amoxicillin) may be superior to standard-dose amoxicillin plus clavulanate in adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This double-blind, comparative-effectiveness randomized clinical trial was conducted from February 26, 2018, through May 10, 2020, at the academic primary care internal medicine and pediatrics practice of Albany Medical Center, located in Cohoes, New York.

French People's Views Regarding Xenotransplantation.

Background: French laypeople's views on xenotransplantation were examined.

Methods: A convenience sample of 224 adults (among them, 37 nurses) judged of the acceptability of xenotransplantation in 50 realistic scenarios composed of various combinations of 4 factors: 1. the type of graft (eg, pig cardiac valve), 2.

French People's Views on the Allocation of Organs for Transplantation.

Background: French laypeople's views on the allocation of organs for transplantation were examined.

Methods: A total of 199 adults make judgments of priority for a liver transplant in 48 realistic scenarios composed of all combinations of 4 factors: 1. probability of success, 2.

What motivates individuals to volunteer in Ebola epidemic response? A structural approach in Guinea.

Background: The 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa placed greater demands on the affected countries' already scarce health workforce. Consequently, governments in the most affected West African countries made appeals for volunteers to join Ebola response programs. Those volunteers played an important yet high-risk role in aiding the victims of the Ebola epidemic and in limiting its spread.

Infant vaccination against malaria in Mozambique and in Togo: mapping parents' willingness to get their children vaccinated.

: Malaria is one of the most widespread and deadly diseases worldwide and large majority of malaria cases and deaths occurs in Africa. Efforts to develop an effective vaccine against malaria are underway and several vaccine prototypes are on different clinical trial phases.: As many sub-Saharan African countries have shown interest in introducing large-scale infant vaccination against malaria when a definitively approved vaccine will be available, the present study aimed at mapping Mozambican parents' willingness to get their children vaccinated and comparing the results with findings from a similar study we conducted in Togo (209 participants).

Romanian Laypeople's and Health Professionals' Views Regarding Living Organ Donation.

Background: Romanian laypeople's and health professionals' views on living organ donation were examined.

Methods: From July 2015 to May 2016, 263 adults (among them 31 physicians and 20 nurses) judged the acceptability of living organ donation in 42 realistic scenarios composed of varying levels of 6 factors: 1. type of organ, 2.

Why patients want to take or refuse to take antibiotics: an inventory of motives.

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a worldwide issue. In order to help public health institutions and each particular physician to change patterns of consumption among patients, it is important to understand better the reasons why people accept to take or refuse to take the antibiotic drugs. This study explored the motives people give for taking or refusing to take antibiotics.

Mapping French Laypeople's Views Regarding Living Organ Donation.

Background: French laypeople's views on living organ donation (LOD) were examined.

Methods: From 2010 to 2014, 327 adults (including 21 nurses) judged the acceptability of LOD in 60 realistic scenarios composed of all combinations of 5 factors: 1. type of organ; 2.

Willingness to get vaccinated against Ebola: A mapping of Guinean people positions.

Objective: To map the different personal positions of Guinean people regarding vaccination against Ebola.

Methods: From January to April 2016, 304 adults in Guinea were presented with 48 vignettes depicting situations in which getting vaccinated would be possible. These situations varied as a function of the constructs of health-protective behavior theories.

Duty to provide care to Ebola patients: the perspectives of Guinean lay people and healthcare providers.

Aim: To examine the views of Guinean lay people and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the acceptability of HCPs' refusal to provide care to Ebola patients.

Method: From October to December 2015, lay people (n=252) and HCPs (n=220) in Conakry, Guinea, were presented with 54 sample case scenarios depicting a HCP who refuses to provide care to Ebola patients and were instructed to rate the extent to which this HCP's decision is morally acceptable. The scenarios were composed by systematically varying the levels of four factors: (1) the risk of getting infected, (2) the HCP's working conditions, (3) the HCP's family responsibilities and (4) the HCP's professional status.

High-dose versus standard-dose amoxicillin/clavulanate for clinically-diagnosed acute bacterial sinusitis: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The recommended treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis in adults, amoxicillin with clavulanate, provides only modest benefit.

Objective: To see if a higher dose of amoxicillin will lead to more rapid improvement.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Double-blind randomized trial in which, from November 2014 through February 2017, we enrolled 315 adult outpatients diagnosed with acute sinusitis in accordance with Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines.