Medical and cytotoxicity effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Achillea millefolium extract on MOLT-4 lymphoblastic leukemia cell line.

Green chemistry, which aims at the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles, is a relatively new emerging field of nanotechnology, which has economic and environment-friendly benefits over chemical and physical processes. The present work was carried out to develop silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using the plant (Achillea millefolium or yarrow) aqueous extract as both a reducing and capping agent under the green synthesis method. Characterization of synthesized Ag-NPs was done using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis).

Endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores is mediated by germination conditions.

Background: Vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal is probably the main long distance dispersal mode. Through endozoochory, large mammals act as mobile links between habitats within and among forest patches. Along with other factors, their feeding regimes do affect their contribution as dispersal vectors.