Bupivacaine injection to treat exotropia and esotropia.

Purpose: To report the results of bupivacaine injection into the extraocular muscles to treat horizontal strabismus, both exotropia and esotropia.

Methods: Bupivacaine, 4.5 ml of a 0.

Role of botulinum toxin A in diplopia following orbital decompression.

Diplopia following orbital decompression is a common complication in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Strabismus surgery is often required to treat the persistent diplopia. The author presents a successful treatment with botulinum toxin A injection in a case of diplopia following orbital decompression.

Diabetic retinopathy in Priest Hospital.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is common complication of DM and is one of the leading causes of visual loss in working age population in developed and developing countries. The known risk of retinopathy is directly related to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. Priests are one of the disadvantageous groups because they cannot select their food and have poor access to health care.

Botulinum toxin A in surgically overcorrected and undercorrected strabismus.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin A injection in treating overcorrected and undercorrected strabismus after unsatisfactory postoperative alignment.

Material And Method: The authors reviewed the outcomes of 20 patients aged 5 to 56 years (mean 29.1 years) who had botulinum toxin A injection following their unsatisfactory operation.

Eye health in the priests and novices in central Bangkok.

Background: Early detection and proper management of eye diseases in priests and novices is cost effective, and minimize serious ocular damage and permanent loss of vision. Therefore, the Department of Ophthalmology, Priest Hospital set-up an eye examination project for the priests and novices who came for physical examination. The laboratory test was part of the Sustained and Holistic Healthcare Program for Priests and Novices as Commemoration of His Majesty the King's 60 Years of Accession to the Throne.

Abducens-oculomotor synkinesis associated with internuclear ophthalmoplegia and acquired abducens nerve palsy.

We report a case of acquired abducens-oculomotor synkinesis, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and abducens nerve palsy following brainstem hemorrhage. Weakening surgery on the medial rectus muscle did not eliminate the synergistic movement. The mechanism responsible for the abducens-oculomotor synkinesis is discussed.

Guidelines for prescribing optical correction in children.

As the eye grows, the axial length increases while the cornea and lens flatten. High refractive errors which are common in the neonatal period, reduce rapidly during the first year of life through the process called emmetropization. The possibility that long-term full- time glasses wear may impede emmetropization must be considered.

Ocular fixation with quadriceps tendon allograft.

Management of difficult strabismus, such as strabismus fixus and paralytic strabismus, in order to maintain the alignment is complicated. There are many surgical approaches described in the current literature, together with notes on the materials used to stabilize these deformities. We present a new surgical approach using quadriceps tendon allograft for the correction of difficult strabismus such as strabismus fixus and paralytic strabismus.