Monitored Anesthesia Care Using Remimazolam and Ketamine Combination for Brief Gynecological Surgeries: A Report for Four Cases.

Remimazolam is a benzodiazepine with rapid onset and recovery time. Ketamine provides analgesia and sedation without compromising hemodynamics. Combining both agents may provide good anesthesia and analgesia with fewer complications.

Spinal anesthesia for urgent Cesarean section in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease - A case report.

Background: Effective treatment of Graves' disease during pregnancy is important because uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is associated with increased fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. While there have been case reports of patients with Graves' disease who failed to achieve euthyroid state during pregnancy, anesthesiologists rarely encounter patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism undergoing urgent Cesarean section.

Case: A 31-year-old pregnant patient had uncontrolled hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease despite medical treatment.

Effect of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia in a Rat Model of Phrenic Motor Inhibition after Upper Abdominal Surgery.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: One important example of impaired motor function after surgery is diaphragmatic dysfunction after upper abdominal surgery. In this study, the authors directly recorded efferent phrenic nerve activity and determined the effect of the upper abdominal incision. The authors hypothesized that phrenic motor output would be decreased after the upper abdominal incision; it was also hypothesized that blocking sensory input from the incision using thoracic epidural anesthesia would diminish this incision-induced change in phrenic motor activity.