Rotavirus trends and distribution of genotypes before and during COVID-19 pandemic era: Bangladesh, 2017-2021.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is accountable for an estimated 128 500 deaths among children younger than 5 years worldwide, and the majority occur in low-income countries. Although the clinical trials of rotavirus vaccines in Bangladesh revealed a significant reduction of severe rotavirus disease by around 50%, the vaccines are not yet included in the routine immunization program. The present study was designed to provide data on rotavirus diarrhea with clinical profiles and genotypes before (2017-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-2021).

Impact of Rotaviral Diarrhea on Child Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Rotavirus is the leading cause of dehydrating diarrhea among children in developing countries. The impact of rotaviral diarrhea on nutritional status is not well understood. We aimed to determine the association between rotavirus-positive moderate-to-severe diarrhea and nutrition in children under 5 years of age.

Changing Water-Sanitation Determinants of Cholera over Two Decades in Bangladesh.

Cholera is a leading global public health threat, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the changing determinants of cholera related to water-sanitation practices between 1994-1998 and 2014-2018 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data of all cause diarrhea cases were extracted from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, and analysis was performed among three groups: Vibrio cholerae detected as sole pathogen, V.

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Campylobacter Infections and Child Growth in South Asia: Analyzing Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Campylobacter is a major cause of food-borne gastrointestinal illnesses worldwide, predominantly affecting children under 5 years of age. This study examined potential associations of symptomatic (with diarrhea) and asymptomatic (without diarrhea) Campylobacter infections with child growth among children under 5 years of age in South Asia. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study was conducted from 2007 to 2011 with a case-control design.

Vibrio cholerae in rural and urban Bangladesh, findings from hospital-based surveillance, 2000-2021.

With more than 100,000 cases estimated each year, Bangladesh is one of the countries with the highest number of people at risk for cholera. Moreover, Bangladesh is formulating a countrywide cholera-control plan to satisfy the GTFCC (The Global Task Force on Cholera Control) Roadmap's goals. With a particular focus on cholera trends, variance in baseline and clinical characteristics of cholera cases, and trends in antibiotic susceptibility among clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae, we used data from facility-based surveillance systems from icddr,b's Dhaka, and Matlab Hospitals from years 2000 to 2021.

Antimicrobial resistance in shigellosis: A surveillance study among urban and rural children over 20 years in Bangladesh.

Antimicrobial resistance against shigellosis is increasingly alarming. However, evidence-based knowledge gaps regarding the changing trends of shigellosis in Bangladesh exist due to the scarcity of longitudinal data on antimicrobial resistance. Our study evaluated the last 20 years antimicrobial resistance patterns against shigellosis among under-5 children in the urban and rural sites of Bangladesh.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Practices and Outreach Services in Settlements for Rohingya Population in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 2018-2021.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the existing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) policy and practice of the study population and strengthen the evidence base by documenting changes in the WASH policy and practice over 3 years of the Rohingya refugee humanitarian crisis, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional surveillance design was followed; the sampling of the study population included the Rohingya refugee population and neighborhood host nationals who required hospitalization soon after seeking care and enrolled into the diarrheal disease surveillance in diarrhea-treatment centers. Throughout the study period of 3 years, a total of 4550 hospitalized individuals constituted the study participants.

Different Features of Cholera in Malnourished and Non-Malnourished Children: Analysis of 20 Years of Surveillance Data from a Large Diarrheal Disease Hospital in Urban Bangladesh.

Malnourished children are more prone to infectious diseases including severe diarrhea compared to non-malnourished children. However, data are scarce on differences in the presentation in such children. We aimed to identify clinical differentials among children with cholera with or without malnutrition.

Anthropometric Indices of Giardia-Infected Under-Five Children Presenting with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea and Their Healthy Community Controls: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.

Among all intestinal parasitosis, giardiasis has been reported to be associated with delayed growth in malnourished children under 5 living in low- and middle-income countries. Relevant data on the nutritional status of children aged 0-59 months presenting with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and giardia infection were collected from sentinel health facilities of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study's (GEMS) seven field settings, placed in diverse countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia between, December 2007 and February 2011. Then, this study analyzed a robust dataset of study participants ( = 22,569).

Characteristics of Rotavirus, ETEC, and Among Under 2-year Children Attending an Urban Diarrheal Disease Hospital in Bangladesh.

Background: Information on comparative clinical and host characteristics of under-2 children with watery diarrhea caused by rotavirus, (ETEC), and as single pathogens is lacking. We sought to investigate the sociodemographic, clinical, and host characteristics of under-2 children hospitalized due to these pathogens.

Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study using the icddr,b Diarrheal Diseases Surveillance System.

Cholera outbreak in Forcibly Displaced Myanmar National (FDMN) from a small population segment in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 2019.

Background: Bangladesh experienced a sudden, large influx of forcibly displaced persons from Myanmar in August 2017. A cholera outbreak occurred in the displaced population during September-December 2019. This study aims to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of cholera patients who were hospitalized in diarrhea treatment centers (DTCs) and sought care from settlements of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) as well as host country nationals during the cholera outbreak.

Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993.

Background: After a multi-country Asian outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 which started in 1992, it is rarely detected from any country in Asia and has not been detected from patients in Africa.

Methodology/principal Findings: We extracted surveillance data from the Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to review trends in isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Data from the Dhaka Hospital is a 2% sample of > 100,000 diarrhoeal patients treated annually.

Changing trends in nutritional status of adolescent females: a cross-sectional study from urban and rural Bangladesh.

Objectives: Malnutrition remains a major problem among adolescents worldwide, but the types of nutritional problem impacting this group are changing significantly. This study aims to describe and analyse the trends in nutritional status and related epidemiological characteristics of 10 to 19 years old adolescent girls over time (2001 to 2018) in Bangladesh.

Methods: We extracted data from the Diarrhoeal Disease- Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh.

Gender disparity in care-seeking behaviours and treatment outcomes for dehydrating diarrhoea among under-5 children admitted to a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh: an analysis of hospital-based surveillance data.

Introduction: Despite economic development and augmented literacy rates, Bangladeshi households are still discriminating against girls when it comes to seeking medical care. We examined gender disparities in diarrhoeal disease severity and the treatment outcomes of under-5 children.

Setting: A tertiary level diarrhoeal disease hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Changing Susceptibility Pattern of O1 Isolates to Commonly Used Antibiotics in the Largest Diarrheal Disease Hospital in Bangladesh during 2000-2018.

The efficacy of commonly used antibiotics for treating severe cholera has been compromised over time because of the reduced antibiotic susceptibility. This study aimed to describe the rate of detection of O1 from fecal samples and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of O1 serotypes to commonly used antibiotics. During January 2000-December 2018, O1 was detected in fecal samples of 7,472 patients.

Diarrhoeal children with concurrent severe wasting and stunting compared to severe wasting or severe stunting.

Objective: Children with both severe wasting and severe stunting (SWSS) represent an extreme form of malnutrition and are prone to develop severe infection. The study aims to demonstrate clinical features and aetiology of diarrhoea among children with SWSS compared to those with either severe wasting (SW) or severe stunting (SS), which may help in early identification of high-risk children.

Methods: Data were extracted from the database of the diarrhoeal disease surveillance system (DDSS) of Dhaka Hospital, icddr,b from 2008 to 2017.

Pathogen-specific risk of seizure in children with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea: Case control study with follow-up.

Objective: To determine the pathogen-specific risk of seizure in under-five children hospitalised with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in rural settings.

Method: This was a prospective case-control study with follow-up, conducted in a sentinel facility of Global Enteric Multicenter Study in Mirzapur, a rural community of Bangladesh between 2007 and 2010. Children aged 0-59 months who presented with MSD and seizure constituted the cases whereas those who did not have seizure comprised the controls.

Viral Pathogen-Specific Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh.

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) examined the infectious etiologies as well as associated demographics, socioeconomic markers, health-care-seeking behaviors, and handwashing practices of the households of children with diarrhea and their age- and gender-matched controls in seven countries over a 3-year period (December 2007-December 2010). Stool studies to determine diarrheal etiologies and anthropometry were performed at baseline and at 60-day follow-up visits, along with surveys to record demographics and living conditions of the children.

Health care-seeking behavior for childhood diarrhea in Mirzapur, rural Bangladesh.

We evaluated patterns of health care use for diarrhea among children 0-59 months of age residing in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, using a baseline survey conducted during May-June 2007 to inform the design of a planned diarrheal etiology case/control study. Caretakers of 7.4% of 1,128 children reported a diarrheal illness in the preceding 14 days; among 95 children with diarrhea, 24.