Penetration of linezolid into the pleural cavity in critically ill patients with proven or suspected Gram-positive bacterial infections: a retrospective pharmacokinetic study.

Objectives: To describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of linezolid in plasma and pleural fluid (PF) in critically ill patients with proven or suspected Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Patients And Methods: Observational PK study in 14 critically ill patients treated with linezolid at standard doses. Blood and PF samples were collected and analysed by HPLC.

Efficacy and safety of colistin plus beta-lactams for bone and joint infection caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli: a prospective multicenter study.

Objectives: The prognosis of bone and joint infections (BJI) caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) worsens significantly in the face of fluoroquinolone-resistance. In this setting, scarce pre-clinical and clinical reports suggest that intravenous beta-lactams plus colistin may improve outcome. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment in a well-characterized prospective cohort.

Synergistic efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam against carbapenemase-producing : insights from the hollow-fiber infection model.

Background: Combination therapy is an attractive therapeutic option for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) infections. Existing data support the combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) against class serine-β-lactamase (SBL)- and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) - producing However, data about that combination against SBL- and MBL-producing are scarce. The objective of the study was to assess the activity of CZA and aztreonam alone and in combination against SBL- and MBL-producing XDR isolates.

New Predictive Equation for the Estimation of Plasma Concentrations of Formed Colistin in Patients Treated With Colistimethate Sodium for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

Background: The clinical use of colistin methanesulphonate (CMS) is limited by potential nephrotoxicity. The selection of an efficient and safe CMS dose for individual patients is complicated by the narrow therapeutic window and high interpatient pharmacokinetic variability. In this study, a simple predictive equation for estimating the plasma concentration of formed colistin in patients with multidrug and extremely drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections was developed.

The Use of Erythromycin and Colistin Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Reduce the Incidence of Infection: A Randomized Study in 2,893 Knees With a 9-year Average Follow-Up.

Background: One of the most severe complications of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is prosthetic joint infection. Currently, the use of antibiotic-loaded cement for the prevention of infection is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the use of antibiotic-loaded cement reduces the infection rate in primary TKA in long-term follow-up (more than 5 years average follow-up).

Colistin plasma concentrations are not associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia caused by extremely drug-resistant .

In some cases, colistin is the only treatment option for infections caused by the very drug-resistant . However, in the past decade, there have been questions concerning its pharmacokinetics and concentration at the site of infection. In this scenario, its use in a difficult-to-treat infection like pneumonia is currently debatable.

Clinical, Microbiological and Treatment Characteristics of Severe Postoperative Respiratory Infections: An Observational Cohort Study.

Respiratory infections are frequent and life-threatening complications of surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, microbiological and treatment characteristics of severe postoperative pneumonia (POP) and tracheobronchitis (POT) in a large series of patients. This single-center, prospective observational cohort study included patients with POP or POT requiring intensive care unit admission in the past 10 years.

Real-world experience of therapeutic drug monitoring and PK/PD achievement of ceftaroline administered by different infusion regimens in patients with confirmed infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Background: Ceftaroline is a novel cephalosporin active against MDR Gram-positive (GP) bacteria. For β-lactam antibiotics, such as ceftaroline, prolonged infusions and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are used for dosage optimization based on their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD).

Objectives: To describe our experience with TDM and PK/PD target attainment of ceftaroline administered by intermittent and prolonged infusion in a cohort of patients with MDR-GP bacterial infections.

Incidence, associated disease burden and healthcare utilization due to Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection in European hospitals: the COMBACTE-NET ARTHR-IS multi-centre study.

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence, associated disease burden and healthcare utilization due to Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections (SA-PJI) after primary hip and knee arthroplasty in European centres.

Methods: This study was conducted in patients who underwent primary hip and knee arthroplasty in 19 European hospitals between 2014 and 2016. The global incidence of PJI and SA-PJI was calculated.

Vertebral osteomyelitis after spine instrumentation surgery: risk factors and management.

Background: Vertebral osteomyelitis after spine instrumentation surgery (pVOM) is a rare complication. Most cases of infection occur early after surgery that involve skin and soft tissue and can be managed with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR).

Aim: To identify pVOM risk factors and evaluate management strategies.

Ampicillin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible bacteremia: a clinical narrative review.

Introduction: is a commensal microorganism that can cause infections such as bacteremia. Incidence of ampicillin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible (EfARSV) bacteremia is on the rise, and the mortality rate is high. Despite much data, the most appropriate treatment remains a question.

spp. Infections after Instrumented Spine Surgery Have a Good Prognosis Regardless of Rifampin Use: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Infection after spinal instrumentation (IASI) by spp. is being more frequently reported. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of a spp.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin Concentrations for the Management of Bone and Joint Infections: An Urgent Need.

Vancomycin is used for the treatment of bone and joint infections (BJI), but scarce information is available about its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics. We aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the non-achievement of an optimal PK/PD target in the first therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to January 2022.

Evaluation of the host immune response assay SeptiCyte RAPID for potential triage of COVID-19 patients.

Tools for the evaluation of COVID-19 severity would help clinicians with triage decisions, especially the decision whether to admit to ICU. The aim of this study was to evaluate SeptiCyte RAPID, a host immune response assay (Immunexpress, Seattle USA) as a triaging tool for COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization and potentially ICU care. SeptiCyte RAPID employs a host gene expression signature consisting of the ratio of expression levels of two immune related mRNAs, PLA2G7 and PLAC8, measured from whole blood samples.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring of ceftazidime/avibactam administered by continuous infusion in patients with MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of β-lactams in critically ill patients has been correlated with better clinical outcomes. Evidence on TDM of newer β-lactams such as ceftazidime/avibactam administered by continuous infusion (CI) is very limited.

Objectives: To describe our experience with TDM of ceftazidime/avibactam and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment in patients with MDR bacterial infections.

Executive summary of the consensus document of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) on the diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria are becoming a worldwide problem due to their increasing incidence and associated high mortality. Carbapenem-resistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are the most important in clinical practice. The objective of these guidelines is to update the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by these multidrug resistant bacteria.

Suboptimal Concentrations of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) May Select for CAZ-AVI Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant : In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence.

This study correlates in vivo findings in a patient with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) infection who developed resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) with in vitro results of a 7-day hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) testing the same bacterial strain. The patient was critically ill with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by XDR ST175 with CAZ-AVI MIC of 6 mg/L and was treated with CAZ-AVI in continuous infusion at doses adjusted for renal function. Plasma concentrations of CAZ-AVI were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 10.

Rates and Predictors of Treatment Failure in Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections According to Different Management Strategies: A Multinational Cohort Study-The ARTHR-IS Study Group.

Introduction: Guidelines have improved the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, it is necessary to reassess the incidence and risk factors for treatment failure (TF) of Staphylococcus aureus PJI (SA-PJI) including functional loss, which has so far been neglected as an outcome.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of SA-PJI was performed in 19 European hospitals between 2014 and 2016.

Acute Hematogenous Periprosthetic Hip Infection by , Successfully Treated with Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention: A Case Report and Literature Review of Osteoarticular Infections.

is a facultative anaerobic, catalase-negative and non-spore forming Gram-positive cocci. It can be found as part of the normal oropharyngeal flora, in the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract. However, it can be a causal agent of infections such as endocarditis, meningitis or brain abscesses, and very rarely can cause osteoarticular infections.

Individuals With Higher CD4/CD8 Ratio Exhibit Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and In-Hospital Mortality During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: CD4/CD8 ratio has been used as a quantitative prognostic risk factor in patients with viral infections. This study aims to assess the association between in-hospital mortality and at admission CD4/CD8 ratio among individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study with data of all consecutive patients admitted to the COVID-19 unit at Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain for ≥48 h between March to May 2020.