Skin electroporation for transdermal drug delivery: Electrical measurements, numerical model and molecule delivery.

Skin electroporation for drug delivery involves the application of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs) on the skin to disrupt its barrier function in a temporary and non-invasive manner, increasing the uptake of drugs. It represents a potential alternative to delivery methods that are invasive (e.g.

Innovative ceramic-matrix composite substrates with tunable electrical conductivity for high-power applications.

A wide band gap semiconductor power module can operate at higher voltages as compared with its traditional silicon counterpart. However, its insulating system undergoes stronger electric fields at the triple point between the ceramic substrate, the metallic tracks and the encapsulating polymer, which can dramatically reduce its lifespan. Here we report an original concept based on the local modification of the substrate properties to mitigate such electrical stress.