The impact of flash glucose monitoring on glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin in Canada: A retrospective real-world chart review study.

Background: The real-world effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring on glucose control in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin is uncertain. This retrospective real-world study aimed to evaluate change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) amongst adults with type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin starting flash glucose monitoring.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed for adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin for ⩾1 year and using FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring for ⩾3 months.

Pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: targeted anabolic and anticatabolic therapies.

Purpose Of Review: Cancer-related muscle loss, or cachexia, is the cause of death for approximately 2 million people worldwide and severely reduces quality of life. The degree of cachexia is inversely correlated with survival time; however, the exact mechanisms behind cancer-induced muscle wasting remain under investigation.

Recent Findings: Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha trigger degradatory pathways through nuclear factor-kappaB signaling that activate the ubiquitin-proteasome system and muscle proteolysis.

What are critical outcome measures for patients receiving pituitary replacement following brain injury?

There are scant prospective studies defining improvements in critical outcome measures with hormone replacement in hypopituitarism secondary to brain injury. We review the tests of cognition and physical function and summarize their use for subjects that are deficient in anterior hormone production during anterior pituitary hormone replacement in brain injury and propose these as the minimal tests that are feasible for a physician to perform in a clinical setting. We summarize the studies conducted to assess outcome measures after brain injury and also report preliminary findings for improvements in cognition and physical function in subjects with brain injury and GH deficiency.

Importance of hepatitis C coinfection in the development of QT prolongation in HIV-infected patients.

Background: Case reports and unblinded studies suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is associated with QT prolongation and torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia. Hepatitis C coinfection is common in patients with HIV disease, and cirrhosis is also associated with QT prolongation. We therefore undertook a systematic analysis of the role of liver injury, nutritional state, and coinfection with hepatitis C in the etiology of QT prolongation in HIV disease.