[Which are somatic diseases of migrant children ?].

WHICH ARE SOMATIC DISEASES OF MIGRANT CHILDREN? Migrant children form a vulnerable and heterogeneous population estimated at 70 000 in France. Their health is influenced by their living conditions in their home country, stress and exposure to pathogens, unsanitary housing and food insecurity during their migratory route and in their host country, as well as their parents psychological disorders. They present malnutrition, nutritional de¬ficiencies (iron and vitamin D), various dental, skin and intestinal infections, a significant prevalence of tuberculosis, and sometimes imported parasitic infections (malaria, schistosomiasis…) and lead poisoning.

Medical check-up of newly arrived unaccompanied minors: A dedicated pediatric consultation service in a hospital.

Background And Aims: Healthcare for the increasing number of migrants in Europe, and particularly of unaccompanied minors (UMs) seeking asylum, has become a major challenge. We aimed to describe the health issues of UMs managed in a dedicated pediatric consultation service in a care center in Paris.

Methods: All UMs attending a dedicated migrant medical consultation service in Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France, were included in a single-center retrospective observational study from September 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018.

Imported schistosomiasis in Paris region of France: A multicenter study of prevalence and diagnostic methods.

Background: There are few data on imported schistosomiasis - especially in children. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of imported schistosomiasis in at-risk children in the greater Paris region of France and to compare diagnostic methods.

Method: Children at risk of schistosomiasis who consulted or were hospitalized in four hospitals in the greater Paris region were prospectively included.

Tolerance and humoral immune response to the yellow fever vaccine in sickle cell disease children treated with hydroxyurea: a multicentre prospective study.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) children are frequent travellers to countries where yellow fever (YF) is endemic, but there are no data regarding the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in such children treated with hydroxyurea (HU). The main objective of this study was to compare the tolerance and immune response to YF vaccination in SCD children treated or not with HU.

Method: SCD children < 18 years attending the international travel clinics of three large paediatric centres and requiring a first YF vaccination were included in a prospective study.

Infections and nutritional status of internationally adopted children in France.

Aim: In the context of global changes in the epidemiology of internationally adopted children (IACs), the prevalence of infectious diseases and nutritional impairment has not been recently reviewed. Moreover, in France, these characteristics of the children according to their continents of origin and preadoption special needs (SN) status have been incompletely explored.

Methods: Demographic, infectious data and anthropometric of all the newly arrived IACs seen in a specialised clinic for international adoptees in Paris, France, between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of erythropoietic protoporphyria in Italy.

Background: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disease associated with heme metabolism, characterized by severe life-long photosensitivity and liver involvement.

Objective: To provide epidemiological data of EPP in Italy.

Materials & Methods: Prospective/retrospective data of EPP patients were collected by an Italian network of porphyria specialist centres (Gruppo Italiano Porfiria, GrIP) over a 20-year period (1996-2017).

New guidelines for the prevention of imported malaria in France.

Prevention of malaria is based on personal vector-control measures (PVCMs) to avoid mosquito bites at night and chemoprophylaxis if justified by the risk of contracting the disease. The most effective PVCM is the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets. The decision to prescribe chemoprophylaxis, mainly to prevent Plasmodium falciparum infection, depends on the benefit-risk ratio.

Management and prevention of imported malaria in children. Update of the French guidelines.

Since the 2007 French guidelines on imported Falciparum malaria, the epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of malaria have changed considerably requiring guidelines for all Plasmodium species to be updated. Over the past decade, the incidence of imported malaria has decreased in all age groups, reflecting the decrease in the incidence of malaria in endemic areas. The rates of severe pediatric cases have increased as in adults, but fatalities are rare.

Female genital mutilation: an evaluation of the knowledge of French general and specialized travel medicine practitioners.

We investigated the knowledge of female genital mutilation (FGM) among 60 general and 52 specialized travel medicine practitioners. Less than 50% of these practitioners had adequate knowledge of FGM. Only 42.

Comparative analysis of bones, mites, soil chemistry, nematodes and soil micro-eukaryotes from a suspected homicide to estimate the post-mortem interval.

Criminal investigations of suspected murder cases require estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI, or time after death) which is challenging for long PMIs. Here we present the case of human remains found in a Swiss forest. We have used a multidisciplinary approach involving the analysis of bones and soil samples collected beneath the remains of the head, upper and lower body and "control" samples taken a few meters away.

[Autochthonous dengue].

Dengue is the arboviral disease that has massively spread in intertropical regions these past few years. The rise in imported cases of dengue and the rapid spread of the Aedes vector mosquitoes in continental France since 2004 explain the occurrence of indigenous dengue cases among the nonimmune population and points to an epidemic risk. Severe dengue cases are rare, but lethality is highest among children under 5 years of age.

Children with chronic health disorders travelling to the tropics: a prospective observational study.

Background: The number of trips to the tropics taken by children with chronic health disorders (CHDs) is increasing.

Methods: All of the children with CHDs who attended two international vaccination centres in France before travelling to the tropics were included in a prospective, exposed/unexposed study. Each child was age-matched with two control children and followed for 1 month after returning from the tropics.

[Fever in children returning from travel].

Child travelers are numerous, exposed to the risk of diseases, both infectious and noninfectious, for which practitioners often lack experience. The assessment of febrile returning child travelers is becoming more frequent and challenging. The question of previous travel should be foremost in the checklist of the interview of any febrile child traveler, because this implies a possible tropical disease such as malaria that may be life-threatening.

Hereditary hemochromatosis type 1 phenotype modifiers in Italian patients. The controversial role of variants in HAMP, BMP2, FTL and SLC40A1 genes.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a heterogeneous disorder of iron metabolism. The most common form of the disease is Classic or type 1 HH, mainly caused by a biallelic missense p.Cys282Tyr (c.

Twelve novel HGD gene variants identified in 99 alkaptonuria patients: focus on 'black bone disease' in Italy.

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) gene leading to the deficiency of HGD enzyme activity. The DevelopAKUre project is underway to test nitisinone as a specific treatment to counteract this derangement of the phenylalanine-tyrosine catabolic pathway. We analysed DNA of 40 AKU patients enrolled for SONIA1, the first study in DevelopAKUre, and of 59 other AKU patients sent to our laboratory for molecular diagnostics.

Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.

Background: In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disease of porphyrin-biosynthesis, the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the skin causes severely painful phototoxic reactions. Symptom prevention was impossible until recently when afamelanotide became available. Afamelanotide-induced skin pigmentation has statistically significantly improved light-tolerance, although the clinical significance of the statistical effect was unknown.

[Counsel for traveling children].

Consultation of child traveler has two main objectives: to assess of health risk related to the child's health status and history and also the risk related to travel environment; to counsel and prescribe preventive measure to reduce these travel health risks. The evaluation is based on physical examination and a detailed interview including personal history and information regarding the regions of proposed travel. Up to date knowledge of the epidemiology of visited sites, preventive measures and presumptive treatment is required.

[Prevention with repellent in children].

Use of topical insect repellent is an important component in prophylaxis of arthropod bite vector borne diseases. Topical insect repellent are used in a three part management regimen, along with impregnated clothing and mosquito netting. Parental training for efficacious and secure use of repellents for their children is essential part of a successful strategy to combat Lyme borreliosis, dengue fever, Chikungunya, West Nile virus infection and malaria, amongst children, according to local epidemiological risks.