Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy: a systematic review.

Background And Aims: Metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic drug, can cause adverse effects in the central nervous system termed metronidazole-induced encephalopathy, leading to diagnostic challenges. The condition is rare and a detailed description of its phenotype is lacking. In this systematic review we investigated the clinical features of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy to promote recognition and elaborate the description.

[PANDAS and PANS in children and adolescents are still controversial diagnoses].

Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) and paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) have been suggested to be a result of a disordered immune response following an infection causing neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although the diagnosis PANDAS/PANS has been controversial, an increasing attention has been paid to the diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment during the recent years. This review provides an update on knowledge of aetiology, recommended investigations and treatment in children with suspected PANDAS/PANS.

Intravenous contrast-free standardized exercise perfusion imaging in diabetic feet with ulcers.

Background: Impaired foot perfusion is a primary contributor to foot ulcer formation. There is no existing device nor method that can be used to measure local foot perfusion during standardized foot muscle exercise in an MRI environment.

Purpose: To develop a new MRI-compatible foot dynamometer and MRI methods to characterize local perfusion in diabetic feet with ulcers.

Pantoprazole in Patients at Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the ICU.

Background: Prophylaxis for gastrointestinal stress ulceration is frequently given to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its risks and benefits are unclear.

Methods: In this European, multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned adults who had been admitted to the ICU for an acute condition (i.e.

PALB2 connects BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the G2/M checkpoint response.

The G2/M checkpoint inhibits mitotic entry upon DNA damage, thereby preventing segregation of broken chromosomes and preserving genome stability. The tumor suppressor proteins BRCA1, PALB2 and BRCA2 constitute a BRCA1-PALB2-BRCA2 axis that is essential for homologous recombination (HR)-based DNA doublestrand break repair. Besides HR, BRCA1 has been implicated in both the initial activation and the maintenance of the G2/M checkpoint, while BRCA2 and PALB2 have been shown to be critical for its maintenance.

Climate Change and Women's Health: Impacts and Opportunities in India.

Climate change impacts on health, including increased exposures to heat, poor air quality, extreme weather events, and altered vector-borne disease transmission, reduced water quality, and decreased food security, affect men and women differently due to biologic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. In India, where rapid environmental changes are taking place, climate change threatens to widen existing gender-based health disparities. Integration of a gendered perspective into existing climate, development, and disaster-risk reduction policy frameworks can decrease negative health outcomes.

The impact of heat and impaired kidney function on productivity of Guatemalan sugarcane workers.

Background: Climate change has implications for human health and productivity. Models suggest that heat extremes affect worker health, reduce labor capacity, and commodity supply. Chronic health conditions are on the rise internationally.

Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family.

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating fungal disease threatening much of global wheat production.

Unadjusted point of care creatinine results overestimate acute kidney injury incidence during field testing in Guatemala.

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs at high rates among agricultural workers (12-33%) in tropical environments. Because of the remote locations affected, traditional laboratory services are often unavailable. In this study we compare point of care (POC) creatinine values to standardized laboratory values, and examine the effect of POC testing on the interpretation of AKI rates under tropical field conditions.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Calf Muscles in Subjects With and Without Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to characterize calf skeletal muscle architecture.

Purpose: To assess the diffusional properties of the calf muscles of subjects with and without diabetes, at rest and during isometric plantarflexion exercise.

Study Type: Prospective.

Stimulation history affects vasomotor responses in rat mesenteric arterioles.

Resistance vessels regulate blood flow by continuously adjusting activity of the wall smooth muscle cells. These cells integrate a variety of stimuli from blood, endothelium, autonomic nerves, and surrounding tissues. Each stimulus elicits an intracellular signaling cascade that eventually influences activation of the contractile machinery.

Topokaryotyping demonstrates single cell variability and stress dependent variations in nuclear envelope associated domains.

Analysis of large-scale interphase genome positioning with reference to a nuclear landmark has recently been studied using sequencing-based single cell approaches. However, these approaches are dependent upon technically challenging, time consuming and costly high throughput sequencing technologies, requiring specialized bioinformatics tools and expertise. Here, we propose a novel, affordable and robust microscopy-based single cell approach, termed Topokaryotyping, to analyze and reconstruct the interphase positioning of genomic loci relative to a given nuclear landmark, detectable as banding pattern on mitotic chromosomes.

Histone H4K20 methylation mediated chromatin compaction threshold ensures genome integrity by limiting DNA replication licensing.

The decompaction and re-establishment of chromatin organization immediately after mitosis is essential for genome regulation. Mechanisms underlying chromatin structure control in daughter cells are not fully understood. Here we show that a chromatin compaction threshold in cells exiting mitosis ensures genome integrity by limiting replication licensing in G1 phase.

Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Increases Remnant Lipoproteins and Accelerates Progressive Atherosclerosis, But Not Xanthoma Formation, in Gene-Modified Minipigs.

Deficiency of apolipoprotein E (APOE) causes familial dysbetalipoproteinemia in humans resulting in a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease. In mice, APOE deficiency results in a severe atherosclerosis phenotype, but it is unknown to what extent this is unique to mice. In this study, was targeted in Yucatan minipigs.

Climate change and women's health: Impacts and policy directions.

In a Policy Forum, Cecilia Sorensen and colleagues discuss the implications of climate change for women's health.

Effect of a Shoulder Movement Intervention on Joint Mobility, Pain, and Disability in People With Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: People with diabetes are at high risk for shoulder pain, limited joint mobility, and adhesive capsulitis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a shoulder movement intervention (ShoMo) compared to a wellness intervention on the primary outcomes of active shoulder flexion and reported Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) measured after intervention and 9 months later.

Design: The design was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Salivary secretion in health and disease.

Saliva is a complex fluid produced by 3 pairs of major salivary glands and by hundreds of minor salivary glands. It comprises a large variety of constituents and physicochemical properties, which are important for the maintenance of oral health. Saliva not only protects the teeth and the oropharyngeal mucosa, it also facilitates articulation of speech, and is imperative for mastication and swallowing.

A Novel Porcine Model for Future Studies of Cell-enriched Fat Grafting.

Background: Cell-enriched fat grafting has shown promising results for improving graft survival, although many questions remain unanswered. A large animal model is crucial for bridging the gap between rodent studies and human trials. We present a step-by-step approach in using the Göttingen minipig as a model for future studies of cell-enriched large volume fat grafting.

Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria.

Background: Quantifying the effect of natural disasters on society is critical for recovery of public health services and infrastructure. The death toll can be difficult to assess in the aftermath of a major disaster. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused massive infrastructural damage to Puerto Rico, but its effect on mortality remains contentious.

Experimental heat stress nephropathy and liver injury are improved by allopurinol.

An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been observed in Central America among workers in the sugarcane fields. One hypothesis is that the CKD may be caused by recurrent heat stress and dehydration, and potentially by hyperuricemia. Accordingly, we developed a murine model of kidney injury associated with recurrent heat stress.

Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion.

Saliva exerts multiple functions in relation to the initial digestive processes taking place in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Ingestion of food and beverages, in turn, is a strong stimulus for secretion of saliva with a differential composition depending on the neuronal stimulation pattern. This review paper provides insight into the mechanisms by which saliva acts in relation to taste, mastication, bolus formation, enzymatic digestion and swallowing.

Mutational signatures reveal the role of RAD52 in p53-independent p21-driven genomic instability.

Background: Genomic instability promotes evolution and heterogeneity of tumors. Unraveling its mechanistic basis is essential for the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies. In a previous study, we reported an unexpected oncogenic property of p21, showing that its chronic expression in a p53-deficient environment causes genomic instability by deregulation of the replication licensing machinery.