Elevated Pre-injection Basal Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations are Common in Girls Treated for Central Precocious Puberty.

Objective: A consensus on how to monitor girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment is lacking. Increased, unstimulated basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations have been suggested to indicate lack of suppression. The aim was to evaluate pre-injection basal LH concentrations during GnRHa (leuprorelin 3.

COVID-19 reopening causes high risk of irritant contact dermatitis in children.

Introduction: Childhood irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is the most common cause for developing chronic hand eczema as an adult. The COVID-19 reopening in Denmark included regulations introducing frequent hand washing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if frequent hand washing increases the incidence of ICD in children.

Combination treatment of nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin and indomethacin.

Background: We investigated the effect of combining indomethacin and desmopressin in treating children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and desmopressin-resistant nocturnal polyuria.

Methods: Twenty-three children with MNE, nocturnal polyuria, and partial or no response to desmopressin were recruited from incontinence clinics of our tertiary referral center. We used a randomized single-arm crossover placebo-controlled study design consisting of two 3-week treatment periods with a combination of desmopressin (0.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Increases Rectal Activity in Children.

Objectives: Neurostimulation is increasingly used in treating bladder and bowel dysfunction, but its effect on rectal motility is obscure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the acute effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on rectal motility in children with overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled study in 20 children with OAB (mean age 8.

Rectal motility in pediatric constipation.

Objectives: Constipation is a common disorder in children, but little is known about its etiology. Rectal impedance planimetry determines segmental rectal cross-sectional area (CSA) and pressure, allowing detailed description of rectal motility. The aim of the present study was to compare rectal motility in healthy and constipated children.

Outcome of a standardized approach to childhood urinary symptoms-long-term follow-up of 720 patients.

Aims: To investigate the relevance of enuresis subtyping for selection of treatment modality and for long-term outcome in a large consecutive patient cohort.

Materials And Methods: We included all patients referred for urinary incontinence during a 5-year period but excluding recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). Type and severity of incontinence, prior history, results of examinations performed, number of visits, and effect of all treatments provided, were included in a clinical database.

Bladder and bowel dysfunction and the resolution of urinary incontinence with successful management of bowel symptoms in children.

Aim: To investigate the effect of treating defecation problems on urinary incontinence in children suffering from combined urinary bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD).

Methods: We established a clinical database from medical records of all children referred to the urinary incontinence and gastroenterology outpatient clinics with BBD. The following variables were extracted: symptoms of constipation, faecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, age at onset of symptoms, treatment, including duration and response.

Tailoring treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: the role of maximum voided capacity.

Purpose: We evaluated bladder reservoir function in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with and without response to desmopressin, and assessed the importance of first morning voiding when defining maximum voided volume.

Materials And Methods: A total of 238 patients 5 to 15 years old with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis completed 2 weeks of enuresis recordings and 4 days of frequency-volume charts. Of the patients 186 completed subsequent home recordings during titration with desmopressin.

Reduced anti-diuretic response to desmopressin during wet nights in patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Objective: To investigate why not all children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) treated with desmopressin give an adequate response.

Materials And Methods: We included 114 children with MNE aged 5-15 years (9.8 ± 0.

Timer watch assisted urotherapy in children: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of timer watch treatment in addition to standard urotherapy in children with overactive bladder and daytime urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 children with daytime urge incontinence were included in the study. Following a 4-week run-in period of standard urotherapy children were randomized to 12 weeks of standard urotherapy with or without a timer watch.

Excess diuresis and natriuresis during acute sleep deprivation in healthy adults.

The transition from wakefulness to sleep is associated with a pronounced decline in diuresis, a necessary physiological process that allows uninterrupted sleep. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute sleep deprivation (SD) on urine output and renal water, sodium, and solute handling in healthy young volunteers. Twenty young adults (10 male) were recruited for two 24-h studies under standardized dietary conditions.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for refractory daytime urinary urge incontinence.

Purpose: We studied the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in children with overactive bladder and treatment refractory daytime urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 27 children 5 to 14 years old with daytime urge incontinence refractory to timer assisted standard urotherapy and anticholinergics who had normal urinalysis, and unremarkable urinary tract ultrasound and physical examination. Study exclusion criteria were bladder underactivity, lower urinary tract obstruction, ongoing defecation disorders, lower urinary tract surgery and previous transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

24-hour rectal manometry for overactive bladder.

Purpose: We describe prolonged rectal manometry used to characterize rectal motor activity patterns and possible rectum-bladder interaction during defecation and micturition in children with nonneuropathic overactive bladder.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 10 children with a mean +/- SD age of 9.7 +/- 1.

Treatment outcome of day-time urinary incontinence in children.

Objective: To analyse retrospectively the efficacy of day-time incontinence treatment in a secondary referral centre and consider characteristics of responders to the different therapeutic interventions.

Material And Methods: All children treated for day-time urinary incontinence at the authors' clinics from 2000 to 2004 were included. Children with ongoing urinary tract infections were excluded.

The impact of daytime diuresis on voiding frequency and incontinence classification in children.

Purpose: Daytime voiding frequency is an important criterion in the classification of childhood incontinence. The aim of this study was to assess the relative impact of diuresis and bladder capacity on voiding frequency.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 570 children 4 to 15 years old (median age 8.

Transabdominal ultrasound of rectum as a diagnostic tool in childhood constipation.

Purpose: We tested whether transverse rectal diameter measured by ultrasound could identify rectal impaction, investigated whether transverse diameter is enlarged in constipated children compared to healthy children and evaluated transverse diameter during treatment of constipation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 51 children 4 to 12 years old were included in the study. Of the children 27 (mean age 7.

Combination of the enuresis alarm and desmopressin: second line treatment for nocturnal enuresis.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the combination of the enuresis alarm and desmopressin in treating children with enuresis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from 423 children treated at our clinics with the enuresis alarm during the years 2000 to 2004. Frequency volume charts and desmopressin titration facilitated characterization of the participants using the current International Children's Continence Society standardization.

Urinary calcium excretion in healthy children and children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Purpose: We investigated the role of urinary Ca excretion in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, and defined normality and intra-individual variability in Ca excretion in healthy children.

Materials And Methods: We included 46 Danish children with desmopressin resistant nocturnal enuresis and 96 healthy controls. We performed fractional urine collections at home during 2 days in controls or during hospitalization in children with enuresis.

Bladder reservoir function in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and healthy controls.

Purpose: We investigated bladder reservoir function in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and in healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: A total of 18 children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and 119 controls who were 7 to 13 years old were recruited. Children completed frequency volume charts and measurements of nocturnal urine production.

The circadian rhythm of urine production, and urinary vasopressin and prostaglandin E2 excretion in healthy children.

Purpose: In adults and adolescents the transition from day to night is followed by a pronounced decrease in diuresis, as well as reduction in the amount of osmotically active substances excreted. We investigate the circadian variations in urine production in healthy children 3 to 14 years old.

Materials And Methods: A total of 92 children completed urine collections in 2 consecutive days to be analyzed for electrolytes, urea, creatinine, osmolality, vasopressin and prostaglandin E2.