Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction in a localised squamous cell oesophageal cancer with paracrine G-CSF production.

A 51-year-old-man presented with symptoms and baseline investigations suggestive of an infective process. Most strikingly, there was a pronounced neutrophil predominant leucocytosis. Lack of a clinical and biochemical response to empirical antibiotic therapy, prompted imaging for a deep-seated infective process, incidentally uncovering a gastro-oesophageal junction tumour.

Clear cell sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumour: distinct or related entities? A review.

Clear cell sarcoma is an uncommon sarcoma which rarely occurs as a primary tumour in the gastrointestinal tract (CCS-GIT). It shares common molecular genetic abnormalities with the more recently described entity, malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumour (GNET) but is distinguished by its morphological and immunohistochemical findings. The exact nosological relationship between these tumours continues to be debated.

Erdheim-Chester disease associated with a novel, complex BRAF p.Thr599_Val600delinsArgGlu mutation.

BRAF mutation testing to determine eligibility for treatment with vemurafenib was performed on archival skin lesions of a 54-year-old patient diagnosed with Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) in 1999. Sanger sequencing of DNA extracted from a 2008 skin lesion identified two non-contiguous base substitutions in , which were shown by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to be located in the same allele. Due to its long-standing duration, molecular evolution of disease was possible; however, both Sanger and NGS of a 2000 skin lesion were unsuccessful due to the poor quality of DNA.

A diagnostic conundrum: heterophilic antibody interference in an adrenocorticotropic hormone immunoassay not detectable using a proprietary heterophile blocking reagent.

Context: Heterophilic antibodies are a well-described interferent but poorly appreciated and are often not a recognized problem affecting most immunoassays. We describe for the first time heterophilic antibodies interference affecting an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) assay in a patient with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia.

Case: A 60-year-old retired female nurse underwent extensive invasive investigations, which were ultimately unnecessary, as a result of initial analytical interference in the ACTH assay, which could not be resolved using a proprietary heterophilic binding reagent.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in gastric carcinoma: issues related to heterogeneity in biopsies and resections.

Aims: To assess human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and heterogeneity using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver in-situ hybridization (SISH) in gastric carcinoma and dysplasia, and to correlate HER2 status between biopsy and resection specimens of gastric carcinoma.

Methods And Results: Immunohistochemistry for HER2 was performed in 178 cases of gastric carcinoma, and SISH in cases showing at least 1+ reaction. HER2 positivity [European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines] was identified in 20.

Gastric intraepithelial neoplasia in a Western population.

Background And Study Aims: Descriptions of the natural history and endoscopic appearances of gastric dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) that originate mainly from Europe. Currently, there are no Australian data available. We aimed to document endoscopic appearances and progression rates of gastric IEN and to determine the significance of indefinite for IEN.