Assessing impaired gastric accommodation in children with functional constipation using the water load test.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate gastric accommodation in pediatric patients with functional constipation using the water load test.

Method: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. Herein, the water load test results of children aged >4 years with functional constipation referred to a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic (functional constipation group) were compared with those of a control group (without functional constipation or chronic abdominal pain) recruited from two public schools.

EVALUATION OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN C/T-13910 POLYMORPHISM GENOTYPING RESULTS AND LACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST RESULTS: A RETROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN BRAZIL.

Background: Lactose tolerant test (LTT) is the most broadly used diagnostic test for lactose intolerance in Brazil, is an indirect, minimally invasive and a low-cost test that is widely available in primary care and useful in clinical practice. The C/T-13910 polymorphism in lactase persistence has been well characterized in Caucasian populations, but there are no studies evaluating the concordance between C/T-13910 polymorphism genotyping results and LTT results in Brazil, where the population is highly mixed.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate agreement between presence of C/T-13910 polymorphism genotyping and malabsorption in LTT results.

Hypohydration, Functional Constipation, and Physical Activity in Elementary School Students.

This school-based, cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether hypohydration is related to functional constipation and physical activity in school-aged children. The study included 452 students aged 6-12 years. Hypohydration, defined as urinary osmolality >800 mOsm/kg, was more prevalent ( P = 0.

Overweight status, abdominal circumference, physical activity, and functional constipation in children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of functional constipation and its relationship with the food intake, overweight status, and physical activity of children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included students from two public schools in the municipality of Osasco, which is located in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Functional constipation was diagnosed if the clinical manifestations of the Rome IV criteria were present for more than 2 months.

THE FATIGUE RATE INDEX IS HIGHER IN CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION AND RETENTIVE FECAL INCONTINENCE.

Background: The Fatigue Rate Index (FRI) is a parameter in anorectal manometry (ARM) to assess sustained voluntary contraction, considering the squeeze pressure and fatigability of the external anal sphincter. It is used in adults to detect fecal incontinence even in patients who present normal squeeze pressures. The FRI in adult patients with functional constipation is similar to controls.

CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION AND BOWEL-HABIT PATTERNS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN RECRUITED FROM TWO ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS AND A SPECIALIZED OUTPATIENT CLINIC.

Background: Early diagnosis of functional constipation is important for reducing its negative consequences on the health of children and adolescents.

Objective: To describe the clinical spectrum of functional constipation and bowel habit patterns in schoolchildren recruited from two primary schools and patients from a pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 452 students from two elementary schools in the city of Osasco and 81 patients with functional constipation seen in an outpatient clinic specializing in pediatric gastroenterology.

Association between abuse and neglect with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between violence exposure, abuse, and neglect victimization with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional case-control study conducted with adolescents from two public schools in the municipality of Osasco, metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire validated for Brazilian Portuguese Child Abuse Screening Tools - Children's version (ICAST-C) was used to screen the different types of violence.

Fluid intake and urinary osmolality in pediatric patients with functional constipation.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate fluid intake and urinary osmolality in pediatric patients with functional constipation.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study that prospectively included two groups: 36 pediatric patients older than 4 years with functional constipation (Rome III criteria) who were consecutively admitted in a public tertiary pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic and 93 controls with normal bowel habits. The control group was recruited from a public school and did not have any of the characteristics of the Rome III criteria.

Is there any association between overweight, physical activity, fat and fiber intake with functional constipation in adolescents?

To assess the prevalence of functional constipation and its association with overweight, physical activity and the estimation of fat and fiber intake in adolescents. In all, 386 adolescents aged 14-19 years from the city of Maceió (Alagoas, Northeast Brazil) were included in this study. Participants responded to standardized questionnaires that assessed bowel habits, physical activity and the estimation of fat and dietary fiber intake.

Gut microbiota of children with atopic dermatitis: Controlled study in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: It is possible that imbalances in the composition of the gut microbiota or the relationship of the microbiota with the host may be implicated in the origin of allergy. Therefore, we studied the intestinal microbiota of children with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 81 children aged 5-11; 23 with AD and 58 controls.

Prevalence of voluntary dehydration according to urine osmolarity in elementary school students in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of voluntary dehydration based on urine osmolarity in elementary school students from two public educational institutions in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and evaluate whether there is a relationship between voluntary dehydration and nutritional status or socioeconomic status.

Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study with students from two public schools in the city of Osasco. The determination of urine osmolarity was performed using the freezing method of the Advanced® Osmometer Model 3W2.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation.

Constipation often begins in the first year of life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in the treatment of infants with constipation. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included infants with constipation who were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: FOS or placebo.

Untreated Congenital Hypothyroidism Mimicking Hirschsprung Disease: A Puzzling Case in a One-Year-Old Child.

Congenital hypothyroidism is a clinical emergency due to its potential risk of mental retardation. Constipation might be present in hypothyroid children. However, Hirschsprung disease is rarely associated with congenital hypothyroidism.

Fecal microbiota analysis of children with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among residents of an urban slum in Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the fecal microbiota composition of children living in an urban slum in Brazil, with or without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and to investigate the occurrence of stunting and anemia.

Methods: A total of 100 children were studied, aged 5-11 years, from the municipality of Osasco, São Paulo. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was screened through hydrogen and methane breath test with lactulose.

Water and fluid intake in the prevention and treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents: is there evidence?

Objective: To study the evidence on the role of water and fluid intake in the prevention and treatment of functional intestinal constipation in children and adolescents.

Source Of Data: A search was carried out in the Medline database (between 1966 and 2016) for all published articles containing the following words: constipation, water, and fluids, published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. All original articles that assessed children and adolescents were selected by title and abstract.

Gut Microbiota Differences in Children From Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil.

Objective: To compare gut microbiota in impoverished children versus children of high socioeconomic status living in the same urban area in Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 100 children living in a slum and 30 children from a private school, ages between 5 and 11 years old, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To characterize the groups, data based on socioeconomic status, sanitation, and housing conditions were collected.

Children living near a sanitary landfill have increased breath methane and Methanobrevibacter smithii in their intestinal microbiota.

This study evaluated the breath CH4 excretion and concentration of M. smithii in intestinal microbiota of schoolchildren from 2 slums. One hundred and eleven children from a slum near a sanitary landfill, 35 children of a slum located away from the sanitary landfill, and 32 children from a high socioeconomic level school were included in the study.

The impact of antibiotics on growth in children in low and middle income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objectives: To determine whether antibiotic treatment leads to improvements in growth in prepubertal children in low and middle income countries, to determine the magnitude of improvements in growth, and to identify moderators of this treatment effect.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and Web of Science.

Dietary fiber mixture in pediatric patients with controlled chronic constipation.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to test the clinical efficacy and effect on colonic transit time (CTT) of a dietary fiber mixture given to children with controlled chronic constipation (CC) after the withdrawal of stool softeners and enemas.

Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial involved 54 patients aged 4 to 12 years and had CC that was controlled by the use of low-dose stool softeners. The use of these softeners was discontinued when the patients were admitted to the clinical trial.

Effectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole in the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children living in a slum.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole were used for 14 days to treat 20 children with small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). SIBO was diagnosed using the lactulose hydrogen breath test. The breath test was repeated 1 month after treatment, and 19 (95.

Methane production and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children living in a slum.

Aim: To analyze small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in school-aged children and the relationship between hydrogen and methane production in breath tests.

Methods: This transversal study included 85 children residing in a slum and 43 children from a private school, all aged between 6 and 10 years, in Osasco, Brazil. For characterization of the groups, data regarding the socioeconomic status and basic housing sanitary conditions were collected.

Abdominal radiograph in the assessment of fecal impaction in children with functional constipation: comparing three scoring systems.

Objectives: To compare three radiological scores in the study of fecal impaction in children with constipation. To investigate whether these radiological scores are useful in the assessment of fecal disimpaction therapy and if they present a relation with total colonic transit time.

Methods: The Barr, Blethyn and Leech scores were measured by three observers, independently, in 123 abdominal radiographs.