ACE mRNA (Additional Chimeric Element incorporated IVT mRNA) for Enhancing Protein Expression by Modulating Immunogenicity.

The development of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA)-based therapeutics/vaccines depends on the management of IVT mRNA immunogenicity. IVT mRNA, which is used for intracellular protein translation, often triggers unwanted immune responses, interfering with protein expression and leading to reduced therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the predominant approach for mitigating immune responses involves the incorporation of costly chemically modified nucleotides like pseudouridine (Ψ) or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) into IVT mRNA, raising concerns about expense and the potential misincorporation of amino acids into chemically modified codon sequences.

Development of mRNA Vaccines/Therapeutics and Their Delivery System.

The rapid development of mRNA vaccines has contributed to the management of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, suggesting that this technology may be used to manage future outbreaks of infectious diseases. Because the antigens targeted by mRNA vaccines can be easily altered by simply changing the sequence present in the coding region of mRNA structures, it is more appropriate to develop vaccines, especially during rapidly developing outbreaks of infectious diseases. In addition to allowing rapid development, mRNA vaccines have great potential in inducing successful antigen-specific immunity by expressing target antigens in cells and simultaneously triggering immune responses.

Platelet-rich plasma encapsulation in hyaluronic acid/gelatin-BCP hydrogel for growth factor delivery in BCP sponge scaffold for bone regeneration.

Microporous calcium phosphate based synthetic bone substitutes are used for bone defect healing. Different growth factor loading has been investigated for enhanced bone regeneration. The platelet is a cellular component of blood which naturally contains a pool of necessary growth factors that mediate initiation, continuation, and completion of cellular mechanism of healing.

The effects of dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate di-hydrochloride cross-linking of collagen and gelatin coating on porous spherical biphasic calcium phosphate granules.

Collagen- and gelatin-coated porous spherical granule was prepared by slurry dripping process using biphasic calcium phosphate powder. The coating was stabilized by cross-linking with dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate di-hydrogenchloride (DTBP). Afer DTBP cross-linking, the nanostructure of collagen- and gelatin-coated surfaces was changed from smooth to fibrous and net-like structure.

Evaluation of the potential anti-adhesion effect of the PVA/Gelatin membrane.

A common and prevailing complication for patients with abdominal surgery is the peritoneal adhesion that follows during the post-operative recovery period. Biodegradable polymers have been suggested as a barrier to prevent the peritoneal adhesion. In this work, as a preventive method, PVA/Gelatin hydrogel-based membrane was investigated with various combinations of PVA and gelatin (50/50, 30/70/, and 10/90).

Electrospun PLGA/gelatin fibrous tubes for the application of biodegradable intestinal stent in rat model.

A biodegradable fibrous tube was fabricated by electrospinning method using a combination of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and gelatin dissolved in trifluoroethanol (TFE). Different ratios of the two polymers (PLGA/Gelatin: 1/9, 3/7, 5/5) were used for electrospinning to determine the optimum condition appropriate for intestinal stent application. Fiber morphology was visualized and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

and evaluation of electrospun PCL/PMMA fibrous scaffolds for bone regeneration.

Scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning using polycaprolactone (PCL) blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in ratios of 10/0, 7/3, 5/5 and 3/7. The PCL/PMMA ratio affected the fiber diameter, contact angle, tensile strength and biological and properties of the scaffolds, and the 7/3 ratio resulted in a higher mechanical strength than 5/5 and 3/7. cytotoxicity and proliferation of MG-63 osteoblast cells on these blended scaffolds were examined by MTT assay, and it was found that PCL/PMMA blends are suitable for osteoblast cell proliferation.

Preparation and characterization of PLGA microspheres by the electrospraying method for delivering simvastatin for bone regeneration.

Microparticles formulated from poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a biodegradable polymer, have been investigated extensively as a drug delivery system. In this study, solid tiny PLGA microspheres were fabricated using the electrospraying method. PLGA polymer was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM), and the solution was electrosprayed.

Fabrication of multilayer ZrO₂-biphasic calcium phosphate-poly-caprolactone unidirectional channeled scaffold for bone tissue formation.

We developed a continuously porous scaffold with laminated matrix and bone-like microstructure by a multi-pass extrusion process. In this scaffold, tetragonal ZrO₂, biphasic calcium phosphate and poly-caprolactone layers were arranged in a co-axially laminated unit cell with a channel in the center. The entire matrix phase had a laminated microstructure of alternate lamina of tetragonal ZrO₂, biphasic calcium phosphate and poly-caprolactone--biphasic calcium phosphate with optimized designed thickness and channeled porosity.