Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 and Its SXT Elements Associated with Two Cholera Epidemics in Kenya in 2007 to 2010 and 2015 to 2016.

Multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 strains have long been observed in Africa, and strains exhibiting new resistance phenotypes have emerged during recent epidemics in Kenya. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological aspects, drug resistance patterns, and genetic elements of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from two cholera epidemics in Kenya between 2007 and 2010 and between 2015 and 2016.

Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates responsible for cholera outbreaks in Kenya between 1975 and 2017.

Kenya is endemic for cholera with different waves of outbreaks having been documented since 1971. In recent years, new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 have emerged and have replaced most of the traditional El Tor biotype globally. These strains also appear to have increased virulence, and it is important to describe and document their phenotypic and genotypic traits.

Impact of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus hospitalisation rates among a resource-limited rural population in Mbita, Western Kenya.

Objectives: A two-dose oral monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) was introduced into the Kenyan National Immunization Program in July 2014. We assessed trends in hospitalisation for rotavirus-specific acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and strain distribution among children <5 years in a rural, resource-limited setting in Kenya before and after the nationwide implementation of the vaccine.

Methods: Data on rotavirus AGE and strain distribution were derived from a 5-year hospital-based surveillance.

Burden of Rotavirus and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens among Children under 5 Years of Age Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Suburban and Rural Areas in Kenya.

This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to investigate the incidence of rotavirus and enteric bacterial infections among children up to 5 years old with diarrhea living in suburban and rural areas of Kenya. Between August 2011 and December 2013, a total of 1,060 diarrheal fecal specimens were obtained from 722 children at Kiambu County Hospital (KCH), located in a suburban area, and from 338 children from Mbita District Hospital (MDH), located in a rural part of western Kenya. Of the 1,060 isolates, group A rotavirus was detected in 29.

An Outbreak of Diarrhea in Mandera, Kenya, Due to Serogroup O-Nontypable Strain That Had a Coding Gene for Enteroaggregative Heat-Stable Enterotoxin 1.

In an outbreak of gastroenteritis in December 2009, in Mandera, Kenya, O-nontypable (ONT) strain was isolated from stool specimens of patients (18/24, 75%). The ONT organisms could not be assigned to any of the recognized diarrheagenic groups of However, they possessed the enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin-1 gene. The cell-free culture filtrates of the ONT strain isolated from the outbreak cases induced considerable amount of fluid accumulation in suckling mouse intestine, indicating production of an enterotoxic factor(s).

Prevalence, seasonal variation, and antibiotic resistance pattern of enteric bacterial pathogens among hospitalized diarrheic children in suburban regions of central Kenya.

Background: The epidemiology of enteric pathogens has not been well studied in Kenya because of wide disparities in health status across the country. Therefore, the present study describes the prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria, their seasonal variation, and antibiotic resistance profiles among hospitalized diarrheic children in a suburban region of central Kenya.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected between July 2009 and December 2013 from a total of 1410 children younger than 5 years, hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Kiambu County Hospital, Kenya.