Molecular targets of PXR-dependent ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice.

The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor signaling potentiates ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice, however, how PXR signaling modulates EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice is unknown. Wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice received 5 % EtOH-containing diets or paired-fed control diets for 8 weeks followed by assessment of liver injury, EtOH elimination rates, histology, and changes in gene and protein expression; microarray and bioinformatic analyses were also employed to identify PXR targets in chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. In WT females, EtOH ingestion significantly increased serum ethanol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic Pxr mRNA, constitutive androstane receptor activation, Cyp2b10 mRNA and protein, oxidative stress, endoplasmic stress (phospho-elF2α) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) protein expression.

Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females.

High-fat diet induced obesity promotes inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity in female FVB/N mice.

Although obesity and subsequent liver injury are increasingly prevalent in women, female mouse models have generally shown resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We evaluated control and HFD-fed male and female FVB/N mice, a strain well-suited to transgenic analyses, for phenotypic, histological, and molecular markers related to control of glucose, lipids, and inflammation in serum, liver, and perigonadal white adipose tissues. Unlike many mouse models, HFD-fed FVB/N females gained more perigonadal and mesenteric fat mass and overall body weight than their male counterparts, with increased hepatic expression of lipogenic PPARγ target genes (Cd36, Fsp27, and Fsp27β), oxidative stress genes and protein (Nqo1 and CYP2E1), inflammatory gene (Mip-2), and the pro-fibrotic gene Pai-1, along with increases in malondialdehyde and serum ALT levels.

Pregnane X receptor exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accompanied by obesity- and inflammation-prone gut microbiome signature.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease due to the current epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor known for trans-activating liver genes involved in drug metabolism and transport, and more recently implicated in energy metabolism. The gut microbiota can modulate the host xenobiotic biotransformation and contribute to the development of obesity.

Pattern of adverse events induced by aflibercept and ranibizumab: A nationwide spontaneous adverse event reporting database, 2007-2016.

Data regarding the safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment is limited.To compare the adverse events (AEs) induced by aflibercept and ranibizumab using a spontaneous reporting system and determine the signals.We used data from the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KIDS-KD), collected between 2007 and 2016.

Tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) regulates lipid production in human sebocytes.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle in which important cellular events such as protein synthesis and lipid production occur. Although many lipid molecules are produced in the ER, the effect of ER-organizing proteins on lipid synthesis in sebocytes has not been completely elucidated. Tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) is located in ER exit sites and participates in COPII-coated vesicle formation along with many scaffold proteins, such as Sec.

Synthesis of Bimetallic Conductive 2D Metal-Organic Framework (Co Ni -CAT) and Its Mass Production: Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Activity.

The development of new electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxygen reduction to replace expensive and rare platinum-based catalysts is an important issue in energy storage and conversion research. In this context, conductive and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered promising materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to not only their high surface area and well-developed pores but also versatile structural features and chemical compositions. Herein, the preparation of bimetallic conductive 2D MOFs (Co Ni -CATs) are reported for use as catalysts in the ORR.

Well-Arranged and Confined Incorporation of PdCo Nanoparticles within a Hollow and Porous Metal-Organic Framework for Superior Catalytic Activity.

A convenient method for the confined incorporation of highly active bimetallic PdCo nanocatalysts within a hollow and porous metal-organic framework (MOF) support is presented. Several chemical conversions occur simultaneously during the one-step low temperature pyrolysis of well-designed polystyrene@ZIF-67/Pd core-shell microspheres, where ZIF (zeolitic imidazolate framework) is a subclass of MOF: the polystyrene core is removed, resulting in a beneficial hollow and porous ZIF support; the ZIF-67 shell acts as a well-defined porous support and as a felicitous Co supplier for metal nanoparticle formation; and Pd and Co are reduced to form catalytically active bimetallic PdCo nanoparticles in the well-defined micropores, inducing the confined growth of PdCo nanoparticles with excellent dispersity.

Improvement in Crystallinity and Porosity of Poorly Crystalline Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) through Their Induced Growth on a Well-Crystalline MOF Template.

Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are interesting materials owing to their interesting structural features and their many useful properties and applications. In particular, the structural features are greatly important to optimize the MOFs' porosities and so properties. Indeed, the MOFs' well-developed micropore and high surface area are the most important structural features, and as such, many practical applications of MOFs originate from these structural features.

Copula Based Classifier Fusion Under Statistical Dependence.

We consider the problem of fusing probability scores from a set of classifiers to estimate a final fused probability score. Our interest is in scenarios where the classifiers are statistically dependent. To that end, we propose a new classifier fusion approach that is data driven and founded on the statistical theory of copulas.

Role of the pregnane X receptor in binge ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatotoxicity.

The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that defends against toxic agents. We have shown that PXR promotes chronic ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis. Therefore, we examined the role of PXR in binge EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity.

Pregnane X receptor promotes ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis in mice.

The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that modulates the metabolic response to drugs and toxic agents. Both PXR activation and deficiency promote hepatic triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark feature of alcoholic liver disease. However, the molecular mechanism of PXR-mediated activation of ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis is unclear.

The roles of unmet needs and formal support in the caregiving satisfaction and caregiving burden of family caregivers for persons with dementia.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACTBackground:A growing number of studies are emphasizing the importance of positive and negative appraisals of caregiving and the utilization of social resources to buffer the negative effects of caring for persons with dementia. By assessing the roles of unmet needs and formal support, this study tested a hypothesized model for Korean family caregivers' satisfaction and burden in providing care for persons with dementia.

Methods: The stress process model and a two-factor model were used as the conceptual framework for this study.

[A Prediction Model for Unmet Needs of Elders with Dementia and Caregiving Experiences of Family Caregivers].

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop and test a prediction model for caregiving experiences including caregiving satisfaction and burden in dementia family caregivers.

Methods: The stress process model and a two factor model were used as the conceptual frameworks. Secondary data analysis was done with 320 family caregivers who were selected from the Seoul Dementia Management Survey (2014) data set.

Isotropic and Anisotropic Growth of Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) on MOF: Logical Inference on MOF Structure Based on Growth Behavior and Morphological Feature.

The growth of one metal-organic framework (MOF) on another MOF for constructing a heterocompositional hybrid MOF is an interesting research topic because of the curiosity regarding the occurrence of this phenomenon and the value of hybrid MOFs as multifunctional materials or routes for fine-tuning MOF properties. In particular, the anisotropic growth of MOF on MOF is fascinating for the development of MOFs possessing atypical shapes and heterostructures or abnormal properties. Herein, we clarify the understanding of growth behavior of a secondary MOF on an initial MOF template, such as isotropic or anisotropic ways associated with their cell parameters.

Synthesis of hybrid metal-organic frameworks of {FeMM'}-MIL-88B and the use of anions to control their structural features.

The controlled formation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers (CPs) with suitable components and structural features is one of the most important themes in MOF research. In particular, the reliable preparation of hybrid MOFs containing more than two different kinds of metal ions or organic linkers and a comprehensive understanding of the structural flexibility of MOFs are the central issues for the production of MOFs with the desired properties. We report the synthesis of micro-sized hybrid MOF particles [also known as coordination polymer particles (CPPs)] containing two or three kinds of metal ions in each particle: {FeMM'}-MIL-88B (MIL stands for Materials of Institut Lavoisier, M and M' = Ga, Co, or Mn).

Facile Synthesis of Au or Ag Nanoparticles-Embedded Hollow Carbon Microspheres from Metal-Organic Framework Hybrids and Their Efficient Catalytic Activities.

Au or Ag nanoparticles-embedded hollow carbon spheres, which display outstanding catalytic activity and excellent recyclability, are prepared by a one-step pyrolysis of metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrids consisting of polystyrene cores and MOF shells loaded with noble metal ions (polystyrene@ZIF-8/M(n+) ; M(n+) = Au(3+) or Ag(+) ).

Predictors of progress in the stage of adoption of breast cancer screening for Korean women.

Background: It has been proven that an individuals health behavior is determined through a series of processes. This study aimed to assess the stages of adoption of breast cancer screening, and to identify the factors relating to progress through these stages.

Materials And Methods: There were 202 female participants aged 20- 59 years who were living in Chungbuk, South Korea.

Highly effective heterogeneous chemosensors of luminescent silica@coordination polymer core-shell micro-structures for metal ion sensing.

Heterogeneous solid sensors are regarded as promising next-generation sensor due to their excellent chemical stability, low contamination, and excellent recyclability, despite their low sensitivity and weak signal. The dispersity and signals specifically from the exterior of solid sensors are critical aspects which define the sensing sensitivity and selectivity. A novel strategy for the preparation of ideal heterogeneous sensors based upon luminescent lanthanide coordination polymers (LnCP) has been demonstrated.

Dual changes in conformation and optical properties of fluorophores within a metal-organic framework during framework construction and associated sensing event.

Microsized chemosensor particle (CPP-16, CPP means coordination polymer particle), which is made from a metal-organic framework (MOF), is synthesized using pyrene-functionalized organic building block. This building block contains three important parts, a framework construction part, a Cu(2+) detection part, and a fluorophore part. PXRD studies have revealed that CPP-16 has a 3D cubic structure of MOF-5.

Coordination polymer nanobamboos of {Fe(x)In(1-x)}-MIL-88B: induced formation of a virtual In-MIL-88B.

A precise fabrication of nanobamboo structures made from hybrid coordination polymers of the type {Fex In1-x }-MIL-88B is demonstrated. The compositions of the hybrid coordination polymer nanobamboos of {Fex In1-x }-MIL-88B (x=0.06, 0.

Well-dispersed hollow porous carbon spheres synthesized by direct pyrolysis of core-shell type metal-organic frameworks and their sorption properties.

Well-dispersed hollow porous carbon (HPC) spheres are prepared by the pyrolysis of polystyrene@ZIF-8 core-shell microspheres. The resulting HPC spheres have high surface areas and show tremendous methylene blue adsorption ability due to the lack of agglomeration, excellent dispersion, and high surface-to-volume ratio.

Syndecan-2 regulates melanin synthesis via protein kinase C βII-mediated tyrosinase activation.

Syndecan-2, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is highly expressed in melanoma cells, regulates melanoma cell functions (e.g. migration).

The incidence of tumor cell contamination of peripheral blood stem cells: a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of mobilization regimens and the influence on outcomes in breast cancer patients.

Tumor cell contamination (TCC) of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) is a major risk in the autologous PBSC transplant setting. However, the effect of different mobilization regimens (cytokines only versus cytokines + chemotherapy) on TCC of PBSCs and its impact on treatment outcomes have not been systematically reviewed. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate this effect in breast cancer patients since multiple studies have been conducted in this setting.