A Review of the Health-Promoting Properties of Spirulina with a Focus on athletes' Performance and Recovery.

Spirulina species are photosynthetic and filamentous bacteria, commonly called 'blue-green microalgae'. Spirulina has a high nutrient content. It contains 60-70% protein with all essential amino acids present, and is rich in several vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds.

Opioid use disorder in the active service: Implications for intervention.

Background And Objectives: Military service members experience occupational-specific injuries that may result in chronic pain and comorbid behavioral health concerns.

Methods: Data from the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was used to examine opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnoses between 2016 and 2021. Statistical analysis calculated incidence rates and diagnostic variability by demographic density.

How are Canadian cannabis dispensaries counselling breastfeeding consumers?

Objectives: This study aimed to identify recommendations given to breastfeeding individuals by Canadian cannabis dispensary employees, since the legalization of recreational cannabis in 2018.

Methods: This was a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. A mystery caller approach was used to identify recommendations given to breastfeeding individuals seeking a product for "relaxation.

Spirulina supplementation prevents exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, inflammation and skeletal muscle damage in elite rugby players.

Background: The present study aimed to examine the effects of spirulina supplementation on pro/antioxidant status, inflammation and skeletal muscle damage markers immediately and 24 h after exhaustive exercise in elite rugby players.

Methods: Seventeen elite male Rugby Union players were randomly assigned to a spirulina (SPI: n = 9) or placebo (PLA: n = 8) group in a double-blind design. Subjects were supplemented with Spirulina platensis (5.

Are Canadian Cannabis Dispensaries Counselling Pregnant Women Appropriately?

Our objective was to examine the recommendations that Canadian dispensary employees are giving to women regarding cannabis use for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) since the legalization of recreational cannabis in 2018. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of licensed cannabis dispensaries in 2019, wherein a mystery caller stated they were 8 weeks pregnant and experiencing nausea and vomiting and asked for recommendations about cannabis. Our research was modeled after the primary study done in Colorado by Dickson and colleagues in 2018.

Provides a Small Advantage in Vertical Jump and Sprint Performance But Does Not Improve Elite Rugby Players' Body Composition.

The present study aimed to examine the effects of supplementation on anthropometrical measurements and physical performance in elite rugby players. Twenty-two elite male Rugby Union players (21-36 years old) volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly assigned to a group (SPI:  = 11), or a placebo group (PLA:  = 11) in a double-blind design.

Effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index on respiratory-related neonatal outcomes in women undergoing elective cesarean prior to 39 weeks.

Objective To examine the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and neonatal respiratory-related outcomes among women who underwent an elective cesarean section (CS). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s 2009-2013 period linked birth/infant death dataset. Women who had elective CSs at term were categorized by their pre-pregnancy BMI as normal, overweight, obese or morbidly obese.

Risk Factors, Incidence, and Morbidity Associated With Obstetric Clostridium difficile Infection.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors, incidence, and morbidity associated with the diagnosis of obstetric Clostridium difficile infection.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on women admitted for delivery using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the United States. The delivery admission records of pregnant women were reviewed between 1999 and 2013.

Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing the Long-Term Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Endarterectomy.

Background: Stenting is an endovascular alternative to endarterectomy for the management of carotid stenosis, but its long-term safety and efficacy relative to endarterectomy remain unclear. Our objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of stenting with those of endarterectomy, with a particular focus on long-term outcomes, via meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods And Results: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for RCTs with ≥50 patients that compared stenting with endarterectomy in patients with carotid stenosis.

Antioxidants and muscle atrophy in colon cancer: beneficial or deleterious effects?

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by an ongoing loss of body weight, mainly due to adipose tissue and skeletal muscle wasting. Muscle atrophy leads to a progressive functional impairment and contributes to a negative impact on patient's quality of life. Oxidative Stress (OS) seems to play a major role in muscle atrophy since OS markers are increased in plasma and muscles of cancer patients.

Dietary α-lactalbumin supplementation alleviates normocaloric western diet-induced glucose intolerance in Göttingen minipigs.

Objective: The pandemic of obesity in Western countries is mainly due to the high-fat, high-energy diet prevailing there. Obesity-associated metabolic disorders are the consequence of fat mass increase leading to altered adipokine secretion, hyperlipemia, oxidant stress, low-grade inflammation, and eventually glucose intolerance. Yet not all people consuming a Western diet become obese, and the question is raised whether these people are also at risk of developing metabolic disorders.

Fermented soy permeate reduces cytokine level and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the development of type 1 diabetes and its complications. Because two compounds found in soy, that is, isoflavones and alpha-galactooligosaccharides, have been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, this study aimed to assess the effects of a dietary supplement containing these two active compounds, the fermented soy permeate (FSP). We hypothesized that FSP would be able to reduce in vivo oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats.

Exercise training combined with antioxidant supplementation prevents the antiproliferative activity of their single treatment in prostate cancer through inhibition of redox adaptation.

In preclinical models, exercise training (ET) or pomegranate juice (PJ) prevents prostate cancer progression. Here, we hypothesized that physical exercise combined with antioxidants could induce synergistic effects through oxidative stress modulation. Forty male Copenhagen rats with prostate tumors were divided into four groups: control, PJ, ET, and PJ+ET.

Intense exercise training is not effective to restore the endothelial NO-dependent relaxation in STZ-diabetic rat aorta.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of intense physical training on vascular function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. We focused on the endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and stable ADP adenosine-5'- O - (2-thiodiphosphate) (ADPβS).

Methods: Control or diabetic male Wistar rats (n=44) were randomly assigned to sedentary or trained groups.

A fermented soy permeate improves the skeletal muscle glucose level without restoring the glycogen content in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Exercise is essential into the therapeutic management of diabetic patients, but their level of exercise tolerance is lowered due to alterations of glucose metabolism. As soy isoflavones have been shown to improve glucose metabolism, this study aimed to assess the effects of a dietary supplement containing soy isoflavones and alpha-galactooligosaccharides on muscular glucose, glycogen synthase (GSase), and glycogen content in a type 1 diabetic animal model. The dietary supplement tested was a patented compound, Fermented Soy Permeate (FSP), developed by the French Company Sojasun Technologies.

Combined insulin treatment and intense exercise training improved basal cardiac function and Ca(2+)-cycling proteins expression in type 1 diabetic rats.

This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of intense exercise training combined with insulin treatment on the Ca(2+)-cycling protein complex expression and their functional consequences on cardiac function in type 1 diabetic rat hearts. Diabetic Wistar rats were randomly assigned into the following groups: received no treatment, insulin-treated diabetic, trained diabetic, and trained insulin-treated diabetic. A control group was also included.

Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runners.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between athletic performance and the change in body weight (BW) during a 42 km marathon in a large cohort of runners.

Methods: The study took place during the 2009 Mont Saint-Michel Marathon (France). 643 marathon finishers (560 males and 83 females) were studied.

Intense exercise training induces adaptation in expression and responsiveness of cardiac β-adrenoceptors in diabetic rats.

Background: Informations about the effects of intense exercise training on diabetes-induced myocardial dysfunctions are lacking. We have examined the effects of intense exercise training on the cardiac function of diabetic rats, especially focusing on the Langendorff β-adrenergic responsiveness and on the β-adrenoceptors protein expression.

Methods: Control or Streptozotocin induced-diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary or trained groups.

Early advancing age alters plasma glucose and glucoregulatory hormones in response to supramaximal exercise.

After the age of 60, the decrease in physical activity and the increase in fat mass (FM) are two essential factors contributing to the alteration of glucose, insulin, and catecholamines responses induced by exercise. To discard these two factors, we compared the glucoregulatory responses in three different groups of men between the ages 21 and 34, and matched pairs: trained groups (T34 and T21) were matched for training level; T21 and U21 (U for untrained) were matched for age; T34 and U21 were matched for FM. The glucoregulatory responses were determined by venous plasma concentrations of glucose ([GLU]), insulin ([INS]), and catecholamines (adrenaline: [A], noradrenaline: [NA]) before and after a Wingate test.

Nutritional and plasmatic antioxidant vitamins status of ultra endurance athletes.

Objective: The "Marathon des Sables" (MDS) is a competition known to induce oxidative stress. Antioxidant vitamins prevent exercise-induced oxidative damages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate daily intake and plasma level of the main antioxidant vitamins (alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol) in 19 male athletes who participated in this competition.

Sex effect on catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescents and adults.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sex on plasma catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescents and adults. Thirty-six untrained participants took part in this study-9 girls and 10 boys (Tanner Stage 4) and 9 women and 8 men. Each participant performed a 6-s sprint test on a cycle ergometer.

Multivitamin-mineral supplementation prevents lipid peroxidation during "the Marathon des Sables".

Objective: We investigated the effect of a moderate mutivitamin and mineral supplementation containing mainly vitamin C (150.0 mg.day(-1)), vitamin E (24.

Epidemiology and clinical outcome of virus-positive respiratory samples in ventilated patients: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Respiratory viruses are a major cause of respiratory tract infections. The prevalence of a virus-positive respiratory sample and its significance in patients requiring mechanical ventilation remain unknown.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study in all consecutive adults ventilated for more than 48 hours admitted to a 22-bed medical intensive care unit during a 12-month period.

Nosocomial viral ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical relevance of viral ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in an adult intensive care unit (ICU).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: A 22-bed adult medical ICU in a university hospital.

Escherichia coli FolC structure reveals an unexpected dihydrofolate binding site providing an attractive target for anti-microbial therapy.

In some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, the addition of L-glutamate to dihydropteroate (dihydrofolate synthetase activity) and the subsequent additions of L-glutamate to tetrahydrofolate (folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) activity) are catalyzed by the same enzyme, FolC. The crystal structure of E. coli FolC is described in this paper.