Extended release bupivacaine formulations for postoperative analgesia: an update.

Purpose Of Review: New formulations of local anesthetics with sustained release and longer duration of action are being developed to improve patient outcomes following surgery. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of the three most recently developed extended-release formulations of the local anesthetic, bupivacaine.

Recent Findings: Bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (EXPAREL) encapsulates bupivacaine in biodegradable liposomes.

The prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in high school: a 2011 survey.

Background: Bullying is common among young students, and cyberbullying has increased due to the use of technology. This study investigates the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying among high school students and the emotional effects of bullying on students.

Methods: Students at East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina completed the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire.