Variable renewable energy penetration impact on productivity: A case study of poultry farming.

Like all current industrial systems, agriculture overwhelmingly relies on energy supply from controllable sources, mainly fossil fuels and grid electricity. Power supply from these sources can be adapted to perfectly match the timing of power requirements of demand systems. The energy transition largely consists in substituting renewable power-which is intermittent by nature-to controllable sources, leading to disconnection between instantaneous power production and demand.