How to measure and monitor albuminuria in healthy toddlers?

Objective: Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) in first morning void (FMV) urine samples collected over three days is the recommended method for measuring and monitoring albuminuria in adults in the clinical setting. Such a guideline is not available for toddlers and young children. We tested several urine collection strategies for albuminuria measurement in toddlers in a prospective observational study.