Effects of the TREM 1 pathway modulation during hemorrhagic shock in rats.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) 1, a receptor expressed on the surface of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, synergizes with the Toll-like receptors in amplifying the inflammatory response mediated by microbial components. Because the pathogenesis of severe blood loss-induced excessive inflammation and multiple organ failure implies leukocyte activation and bacterial translocation, we hypothesized that the TREM-1 pathway modulation would prove beneficial in this setting. Wistar rats were subjected to a 1-h period of hemorrhagic shock and then reperfused with shed blood and ringer lactate for 1 h.

Effects of heat treatment and pectin addition on beta-lactoglobulin allergenicity.

The specific effects of heat treatment and/or addition of low/high-methylated pectin (LMP/HMP) on the allergenicity of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) and its hydrolysis products were investigated through a two-step in vitro digestion approach. beta-Lg was first hydrolyzed by pepsin and then by a trypsin/chymotrypsin (T/C) mixture done in a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 1000. The protein digestion was followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis performed on each digestion product, and their in vitro allergenicity was analyzed by immunoblotting.

Regulation of allergy by Fc receptors.

The aggregation of high-affinity IgE receptors (FcepsilonRI) on mast cells and basophils has long been known as the critical event that initiates allergic reactions. Monomeric IgE was recently found to induce a variety of effects when binding to FcepsilonRI. Upregulation of FcepsilonRI only requires binding, whereas other responses require FcepsilonRI aggregation.