Prospective assessment of the effectiveness of autonomous emergency braking in car-to-cyclist accidents in France.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems in car-to-cyclist frontal collisions by simulating their effects, in terms of crash avoidance and injury mitigation, on a representative target population of real-world accidents. Identifying effectiveness-critical AEB-cyclist design parameters through a sensitivity analysis was also targeted. The analysis is based on a representative set of real-world car-to-cyclist frontal collisions gathered from French police reports.

Relation Between Sacroilium and Other Pelvic Fractures Based on Real-World Automotive Accidents.

The study firstly aimed at looking whether sacroilium (SI) fractures could be sustained as unique pelvic injuries in side impact real world automotive accidents. Secondarily, the sacroilium fractures observed in conjunction with other pelvic fractures were analyzed to investigate the existence of injury association patterns. Two real world accident databases were searched for SI fractures.

Comparing motor-vehicle crash risk of EU and US vehicles.

Objective: This study examined the hypotheses that passenger vehicles meeting European Union (EU) safety standards have similar crashworthiness to United States (US) -regulated vehicles in the US driving environment, and vice versa.

Methods: The first step involved identifying appropriate databases of US and EU crashes that include in-depth crash information, such as estimation of crash severity using Delta-V and injury outcome based on medical records. The next step was to harmonize variable definitions and sampling criteria so that the EU data could be combined and compared to the US data using the same or equivalent parameters.

A comprehensive overview of the frequency and the severity of injuries sustained by car occupants and subsequent implications in terms of injury prevention.

The objective of the paper is to give an overview of the road injuries issues in France in the 2010's by determining the frequency and the severity of injuries sustained by car occupants, and to infer the implications in terms of vehicule safety. Three types of analysis are conducted. First, we present a time series analysis at a macro statistical level showing a dramatic decrease of injured and fatally injured occupants in passenger cars compared to other modes of road transport.

How Safe is Vehicle Safety? The Contribution of Vehicle Technologies to the Reduction in Road Casualties in France from 2000 to 2010.

In France, over the last 10 years, road fatalities have decreased dramatically by 48%. This reduction is somewhat close to the target fixed by the European Commision in 2001 for the whole of Europe (-50 %). According to the French govnerment, 75% of this reduction was due to the implementation of automatic speed cameras on the roadsides from 2003 onwards.

The evaluation of the safety benefits of combined passive and on-board active safety applications.

One of the objectives of the European TRACE project (TRaffic Accident Causation in Europe, 2006-2008) was to estimate the proportion of injury accidents that could be avoided and/or the proportion of injury accidents where the severity could be mitigated for on-the-market safety applications, if 100 % of the car fleet would be equipped with them. We have selected for evaluation the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and the Emergency Brake Assist (EBA) applications. As for passive safety systems, recent cars are designed to offer overall safety protection.

Traumatic rupture of thoracic aorta in real-world motor vehicle crashes.

Objective: Traumatic rupture of thoracic aorta (TRA) was reported in the literature to be a major cause of death in motor vehicle crashes. This study aims at evaluating the most relevant risk factors of TRA. It also aims at analyzing the types of TRA as a function of car crash conditions and rib cage fractures.

Misuse of child restraint systems in crash situations - danger and possible consequences.

Based on real-world crash data and recent field studies, an ad-hoc group was set up in order to have a better comprehension of the effects of misuse of Child Restraint Systems (CRS) on child protection. A testing programme of 60 single misuse situations was conducted. Test results confirmed that, in frontal impact, children have higher risk of being injured on a number of different body regions when CRS's are misused.

Is electronic stability program effective on French roads?

This paper proposes an evaluation of the effectiveness of the electronic stability program (ESP) in terms of reduction of injury accidents in France. The method consists of 3 steps: The identification, in the French National injury accident census, of accident-involved cars for which the determination of whether or not the car was fitted with ESP is possible. A sampler of 136 cars involved in injury accidents occurred in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 was then selected.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the supervised driver-training system in France.

This paper presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of the French Apprentissage Anticipé de la Conduite (AAC), which is an optional initial driver training that seeks to reduce accident risk by novice drivers. The effectiveness of the AAC is estimated using a Case-Control study (521 Cases and 624 Controls) and the adjusted Odds ratio (AAC versus regular) from a multivariate logistic regression. Thirteen risk factors are retained as explanatory variables in the regression.