Correlates of Using Medically-Authorized Cannabis in a Large Cohort of People Living with HIV Who Use Cannabis.

Many people living with HIV (PLWH) use cannabis to manage symptoms, but a large proportion do so without medical cannabis authorization and use cannabis obtained outside the medical stream. In jurisdictions where non-medical cannabis use is legal, PLWH who hold medical cannabis authorization may represent a unique subgroup; yet, research on the correlates of using medical cannabis (authorized by a healthcare provider) in the context of non-medical cannabis legalization is lacking. Thus, this study examined the cannabis- and health-related correlates of medical cannabis use among PLWH in Ontario, Canada, where non-medical cannabis is legal.

Proximal antecedents and acute outcomes of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Systematic review of daily- and event-level studies.

Many studies have revealed that individuals who engage in simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis report elevated substance-related consequences relative to those who use only alcohol or cannabis; however, evidence from emerging studies examining within-person differences across simultaneous use and single substance use occasions is less consistent. This systematic review aimed to synthesize findings from existing day- and event-level studies of within-person differences in the proximal antecedents and acute outcomes associated with simultaneous use versus single substance use episodes. Our search strategy revealed 30 eligible articles.

Associations of self-regulation strategy use with in-play betting intensity and associated harms: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Self-regulation strategies, such as limit setting, can be effective in reducing harms associated with gambling. However, limited research has examined their applicability to in-play sports betting. The current study therefore examined the utility of self-regulation strategies in reducing in-play betting intensity and associated harms.

Within-person and between-person associations of access to environmental reward with alcohol and cannabis use and consequences among young adults.

Background: Recent behavioural economic models of substance use suggest that low access to environmental reward may increase risk for heavy substance use and associated harms. Most prior studies of these associations have been cross-sectional and have focused on alcohol. The current study extends this research using longitudinal data to examine the within-person and between-person associations of environmental reward access with both alcohol and cannabis outcomes.

Prospective associations of behavioral economic demand for cannabis and alcohol with simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use among young adults.

Behavioral economic demand for cannabis and alcohol is robustly associated with cannabis use and alcohol use, respectively. However, few studies have examined the contributions of cannabis and alcohol demand to simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use, which is common among young adults. We examined prospective associations of cannabis demand and alcohol demand with propensity for simultaneous use (broadly defined as using both cannabis and alcohol in the same day) and with cannabis and alcohol consumption during simultaneous use days among young adults.

Psychometric Validation of the Gambling Craving Scale in a Treatment-Seeking Sample.

The Gambling Craving Scale (GACS) is a multifaceted measure of gambling craving. Initial validation work by Young and Wohl (2009) in university student samples showed that the GACS had a three-factor structure capturing dimensions of Desire, Anticipation, and Relief. Despite its potential clinical utility as a measure of craving, the GACS has yet to be validated in people seeking treatment for gambling problems.

Interactive effects of alcohol and cannabis quantities in the prediction of same-day negative consequences among young adults.

Background: Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is common, but observational studies examining negative consequences of simultaneous use have rarely considered dose-related interactions between alcohol and cannabis. This study examined interactions between quantities of cannabis and alcohol consumed in predicting negative consequences on simultaneous use days.

Methods: Young adults (N = 151; 64% female; 62% White) reporting recent simultaneous use and at least weekly alcohol and cannabis use completed 21 daily, smartphone-based surveys assessing previous day quantities of cannabis and alcohol used, types of cannabis used (flower, concentrates, edibles), and negative substance-related consequences.

How Much THC Is in That Joint? A Daily Diary Study of Young Adults' Knowledge of the Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis Products.

Objective: Many young adults report frequent cannabis use and are at risk for cannabis harms. Knowledge of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations of cannabis products may promote harm reduction, but few studies have characterized cannabinoid concentration knowledge in this population. This study used day-level data to examine predictors of cannabinoid concentration knowledge and associations of cannabinoid concentration knowledge with substance-related consequences among young adults.

Executive functions and behavioral economic demand for cannabis among young adults: Indirect associations with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder.

Behavioral economic demand for cannabis is robustly associated with cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder (CUD). However, few studies have examined the processes underlying individual differences in the relative valuation of cannabis (i.e.

Screening for cannabis use disorder among young adults: Sensitivity, specificity, and item-level performance of the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test - Revised.

The Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test Revised (CUDIT-R) is a widely used screening tool. However, its utility in screening for cannabis use disorder (CUD) among young adults requires further investigation. The current study evaluated the accuracy of the CUDIT-R in distinguishing between young adults with and without CUD.

A Systematic Review of Pharmacological Treatments for Internet Gaming Disorder.

Objective: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an increasingly common behavioral addiction, with an estimated global prevalence of 3%. A variety of pharmacological treatments have been used to treat IGD, yet no review to date has synthesized clinical trials evaluating their efficacy. This systematic review therefore synthesized the literature reporting on clinical trials of pharmacological treatments for IGD.

Dispositional and contextual correlates of in-play sports betting and related harms: A 2-week ecological momentary assessment study.

Objective: In-play betting is a novel form of sports betting that allows players to make continuous bets during a game. The present study examined the dispositional and contextual correlates of in-play sports betting and related harms.

Method: Participants were 84 individuals (73.

Who makes in-play bets? Investigating the demographics, psychological characteristics, and gambling-related harms of in-play sports bettors.

Background And Aims: Sports betting has increased markedly in recent years, in part due to legislative changes and the introduction of novel forms of sports betting (e.g., in-play betting).

Characterizing heterogeneity among people who use cannabis for medicinal reasons: A latent class analysis of a nationally representative Canadian sample.

Background: Many individuals who use cannabis report doing so for medicinal reasons. Few studies have explored heterogeneity within this population, which may be important to inform targeted interventions. This study used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of people who use cannabis for medicinal reasons and their sociodemographic and cannabis-risk-related correlates.

Daily associations between cannabis use and alcohol use among people who use cannabis for both medicinal and nonmedicinal reasons: Substitution or complementarity?

Objective: People who use cannabis for medicinal (vs. nonmedicinal) reasons report greater cannabis use and lower alcohol use, which may reflect a cannabis-alcohol substitution effect in this population. However, it is unclear whether cannabis is used as a substitute or complement to alcohol at the day level among people who use cannabis for medicinal and nonmedicinal reasons.

The reliability of attentional biases for gambling-related images in free-viewing eye-tracking paradigms.

Attentional biases for gambling-related stimuli are a robust correlate of problem gambling. Free-viewing eye-tracking paradigms are considered the gold standard for measuring attentional bias in addiction research, but their reliability in measuring biases for gambling-related stimuli remains unclear. Using secondary data from two different free-viewing eye-tracking paradigms (two-image and four-image displays), this study examined the internal consistency of fixation indices in samples with varying degrees of gambling involvement and problem gambling risk.

A Systematic Review of Eye-Tracking Studies of Gambling-Related Attentional Biases.

Previous research has identified attentional biases towards addiction-related stimuli, including gambling-related stimuli. Eye-tracking is considered the gold standard methodology for measuring attentional biases, yet no review to date has examined its use in measuring gambling-related attentional biases. This systematic review synthesized the literature using eye-tracking to examine attentional biases among people who gamble.

Return to school and mask-wearing in class during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student perspectives from a school simulation study.

Objectives: This study examined children's perspectives about returning to in-person school following lockdown due to the pandemic and about mask-wearing in class, as well as the mental health of children and parents during the pandemic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of a 2-day school simulation exercise that randomized students to different masking recommendations. Parent-report of mental health and post-simulation child-report of COVID-19-related anxiety and mask-wearing were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression analyses.

Self-Generated Motives of Social Casino Gamers.

Social casino games have achieved widespread popularity, and are accessed by more than 85 million people each day. Yet, why people play social casino games is largely unknown. To address this gap, an inductive approach was taken to better understand the motives for playing social casino games, as well as the motives for transitioning from social casino gaming to gambling and vice versa.

Impact of COVID-19 Public Health Protocols on Teachers Instructing Children and Adolescents During an In-Person Simulation.

Objective: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, public health agencies and school boards across Canada enacted new protocols, including face masks, physical distancing and enhanced hygiene, to support the safe reopening of in-person school. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of teachers instructing children and adolescents in person during a two-day school simulation.

Method: This study was part of a large school simulation exercise conducted in Toronto, Ontario.

Addressing transport safety and accessibility for people with a disability in developing countries: a formative evaluation of the Journey Access Tool in Cambodia.

Background: The intersection between health, disability and transport has significant practical challenges for people with a disability living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where road infrastructure is poor and travel unsafe. Lack of transport access to health, education, employment and other services impedes achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and affects quality of life. The Journey Access Tool (JAT) combines access audit and road safety audit approaches to identify barriers to transport on journeys taken by people with a disability.