Workplace physical activity, sitting time, and menopause symptoms.

Objective: Increasing numbers of women are in employment during the menopause; however, menopause symptoms can negatively impact capacity to work. Aspects of the work environment, such as the amount of time spent in physical activity (PA) and sitting, may influence symptoms, yet this is unexplored. This study aimed to explore relationships between workplace PA and sitting, and menopause symptom severity.

Running for two (or three!): the journey of an ultramarathoner across two pregnancies.

There is a lack of evidence regarding the safety of long-duration and vigorous-intensity physical activity during pregnancy, such as that required during an ultramarathon. This case study is the first to examine the training, performance, health, and delivery outcomes for an ultramarathoner across two successive pregnancies (one twin and one singleton) that were delivered when the athlete was 41 and 43 yr, respectively. During her twin pregnancy, she ran an average of 91.

In vivo dissection of the mouse tyrosine catabolic pathway with CRISPR-Cas9 identifies modifier genes affecting hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations (pathogenic variants) in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, an enzyme involved in tyrosine degradation. Its loss results in the accumulation of toxic metabolites that mainly affect the liver and kidneys and can lead to severe liver disease and liver cancer. Tyrosinemia type 1 has a global prevalence of approximately 1 in 100,000 births but can reach up to 1 in 1,500 births in some regions of Québec, Canada.

Motor-evoked potentials in the human upper and lower limb do not increase after single 30-min sessions of acute intermittent hypoxia.

Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) can induce sustained facilitation of motor output in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Most studies of corticospinal tract excitability in humans have used 9% fraction inspired oxygen ([Formula: see text]) AIH (AIH-9%), with inconsistent outcomes. We investigated the effect of single sessions of 9% [Formula: see text] and 12% [Formula: see text] AIH (AIH-12%) on corticospinal excitability of a hand and leg muscle in able-bodied adults.

Anti-racist interventions to reduce ethnic disparities in healthcare in the UK: an umbrella review and findings from healthcare, education and criminal justice.

Objectives: To assess the evidence for anti-racist interventions which aim to reduce ethnic disparities in healthcare, with a focus on implementation in the UK healthcare system.

Design: Umbrella review.

Data Sources: Embase, Medline, Social Policy and Practice, Social Care Online and Web of Science were searched for publications from the year 2000 up to November 2023.

The effect of a 2-week ischaemic preconditioning intervention on anaerobic performance in male academy football players: a randomized, single-blinded, SHAM-Controlled study.

Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), brief periods of ischaemia immediately followed by reperfusion applied to a vascular bed, has emerged as a method to improve exercise performance. There is, however, a lack of research exploring repeated episodes of IPC on anaerobic performance. The aim of this study was to determine if a 2-week repeated IPC intervention could enhance anaerobic performance in male academy football players.

A Systematic Review of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns in an Osteoarthritic Population.

Objective: To explore physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in individuals with lower limb (LL) Osteoarthritis (OA) and the influence of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on these behaviors.

Design: Systematic review search: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception until July 2023. Study criteria: Studies that reported quantifiable device-based or self-reported data for PA and SB variables in adults clinically diagnosed with LL OA were included.

Respiratory-related evoked potentials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy aging.

Altered neural processing and increased respiratory sensations have been reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as larger respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs), but the effect of healthy-aging has not been considered adequately. We tested RREPs evoked by brief airway occlusions in 10 participants with moderate-to-severe COPD, 11 age-matched controls (AMC) and 14 young controls (YC), with similar airway occlusion pressure stimuli across groups. Mean age was 76 years for COPD and AMC groups, and 30 years for the YC group.

The impact of age, sex, cardio-respiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and baroreflex sensitivity.

Background: Humans display an age-related decline in cerebral blood flow and increase in blood pressure (BP), but changes in the underlying control mechanisms across the lifespan are less well understood. We aimed to; (1) examine the impact of age, sex, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and cardio-respiratory fitness on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, and (2) explore the relationships between dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS).

Methods: 206 participants aged 18-70 years were stratified into age categories.

Are acute sitting-induced changes in inflammation and cerebrovascular function related to impaired mood and cognition?

Purpose: Sedentary behaviour is negatively associated with mood and cognition, yet how acute sitting contributes to these overall associations is unknown. Since sitting heightens inflammation and impairs cerebrovascular function, this study investigated the hypothesis that these sitting-induced changes are related to impaired mood and cognition.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy desk workers (18 male, 28.

Addition of zolpidem to combination therapy with atomoxetine-oxybutynin increases sleep efficiency and the respiratory arousal threshold in obstructive sleep apnoea: A randomized trial.

Background And Objective: Atomoxetine combined with oxybutynin (Ato-Oxy) has recently been shown to reduce obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity by >60%. However, Ato-Oxy also modestly reduced the respiratory arousal threshold, which may decrease sleep quality/efficiency. We sought to investigate the additional effect of zolpidem with Ato-Oxy on sleep efficiency (primary outcome), the arousal threshold, OSA severity, other standard polysomnography (PSG) parameters, next-day sleepiness and alertness (secondary outcomes).

Developing and user testing new pharmacy label formats-A study to inform labelling standards.

Background: Dispensed prescription medicine labels (prescription labels) are important information sources supporting safe and appropriate medicines use.

Objective: To develop and user test patient-centred prescription label formats.

Methods: Five stages: developing 12 labels for four fictitious medicines of varying dosage forms; diagnostic user testing of labels (Round 1) with 40 consumers (each testing three labels); iterative label revision, and development of Round 2 labels (n = 7); user testing of labels (Round 2) with 20 consumers (each testing four labels); labelling recommendations.

Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities.

Sedentary behaviour - put simply, too much sitting, as a distinct concept from too little exercise - is a novel determinant of cardiovascular risk. This definition provides a perspective that is complementary to the well-understood detrimental effects of physical inactivity. Sitting occupies the majority of the daily waking hours in most adults and has become even more pervasive owing to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of hypnotics on obstructive sleep apnea endotypes and severity: Novel insights into pathophysiology and treatment.

Impaired upper airway anatomy is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there are other important non-anatomical contributors or "endotypes" including ventilatory control instability, poor pharyngeal dilator muscle responsiveness and waking up too easily to minor respiratory events (low arousal threshold). Recent studies have focused on the potential to target specific OSA causes with novel treatments to reduce OSA severity and improve efficacy with existing non-CPAP therapies which are often suboptimal (e.

Impact of green tea on the deleterious cardiometabolic effects of 7-days unhealthy lifestyle in young healthy males.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine if catechin-rich green tea abrogates the negative effects of 7-days of physical inactivity and excessive calorie-intake on insulin homeostasis and peripheral vascular function.

Methods: Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, twelve healthy men (29 ± 6 yrs) underwent 7-days unhealthy lifestyle (UL), including physical inactivity (-50% steps/day) and overfeeding (+50% kcal/day). This was combined with green tea consumption (UL-tea; 3 doses/day) or placebo (UL-placebo).

Using an e-Health Intervention to Reduce Prolonged Sitting in UK Office Workers: A Randomised Acceptability and Feasibility Study.

Low-cost workplace interventions are required to reduce prolonged sitting in office workers as this may improve employees' health and well-being. This study aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of an e-health intervention to reduce prolonged sitting among sedentary UK-based office workers. Secondary aims were to describe preliminary changes in employee health, mood and work productivity after using an e-health intervention.

Relationship Between Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity at Work and Cognition and Mood.

Background: Sedentary behavior is negatively associated with cognition and mood. Adults often engage in high levels of sedentary behavior at work through sitting, which may impact productivity. Consequently, replacing sitting with standing and physical activity (PA) is recommended.

Zolpidem increases sleep efficiency and the respiratory arousal threshold without changing sleep apnoea severity and pharyngeal muscle activity.

Key Points: A decreased respiratory arousal threshold is one of the main contributors to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) pathogenesis. Several recent studies have sought to find a drug capable of increasing the respiratory arousal threshold without impairing pharyngeal muscle activity to reduce OSA severity, with variable success. Here we show that zolpidem increases the respiratory arousal threshold by ∼15%, an effect size which was insufficient to systematically decrease OSA severity as measured by the apnoea-hypopnoea index.

Temporal dynamics of sitting behavior at work.

Sitting for prolonged periods of time impairs people's health. Prior research has mainly investigated sitting behavior on an aggregate level, for example, by analyzing total sitting time per day. By contrast, taking a dynamic approach, here we conceptualize sitting behavior as a continuous chain of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions.

Randomized Trial on the Effects of High-Dose Zopiclone on OSA Severity, Upper Airway Physiology, and Alertness.

Background: Studies indicate that standard doses of hypnotics reduce or do not change the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or pharyngeal muscle activity. A 1-month trial of nightly zopiclone (7.5 mg) modestly reduced the AHI vs baseline without changing other sleep parameters or next-day sleepiness.

Versatile and robust genome editing with CRISPR1-Cas9.

Targeting definite genomic locations using CRISPR-Cas systems requires a set of enzymes with unique protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) compatibilities. To expand this repertoire, we engineered nucleases, cytosine base editors, and adenine base editors from the archetypal CRISPR1-Cas9 (St1Cas9) system. We found that St1Cas9 strain variants enable targeting to five distinct A-rich PAMs and provide a structural basis for their specificities.

Development of consumer information leaflets for deprescribing in older hospital inpatients: a mixed-methods study.

Objective: To develop information leaflets for older inpatients and/or their carers to support deprescribing of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines/Z-drugs and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Design: An iterative mixed-methods approach involving face-to-face user testing and semi-structured interviews was performed over three rounds with consumers and hospital health professionals.

Setting: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Cerebral and peripheral vascular differences between pre- and postmenopausal women.

Objective: Menopause is associated with lower peripheral vascular function; however, cerebrovascular responses to this time-period are unclear. We aimed to describe peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular differences between pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods: Fifty pre- and postmenopausal women (N = 100) underwent assessments of cerebral blood flow; cerebrovascular reactivity and autoregulation; carotid artery reactivity; brachial and femoral artery flow-mediated dilation; and carotid, brachial, and femoral artery intima-media thickness.