Transmission of HIV-1 minority-resistant variants and response to first-line antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 can impair the virological response to antiretroviral therapy. Minority-resistant variants have been detected in acute seroconverters. We investigated the clinical relevance of the detection of majority and minority-resistant variants in an observational study in antiretroviral therapy naive, recently infected patients.

Variability of UL18, UL40, UL111a and US3 immunomodulatory genes among human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates from renal transplant recipients.

Background: Variability of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes counteracting immune responses is poorly investigated in non-cultured clinical strains.

Objectives: In HCMV-infected renal graft recipients, we aimed to (i) investigate the variability of four HCMV immunomodulatory genes, without any culture-related viral selection, (ii) provide evolutionary sequence data, and (iii) study co-existing HCMV variants and their evolution.

Study Design: UL18, UL40, UL111a and US3 were sequenced in 31 blood samples from 17 patients (8 with sequential samples).

Primary resistance to enfuvirtide (T20) in recently HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral-naive patients from the ANRS Aquitaine Cohort.

Background: Transmission of HIV-1 variants with resistance to reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease inhibitors has been widely characterized in developed countries. However, no clear evidence of primary resistance to HIV-1 fusion inhibitors has been shown so far. We wished to investigate the possibility of genotypic resistance to enfuvirtide (T20) in a cohort of antiretroviral-naive, recently infected patients.

Virological characterization of an infection with a dual-tropic, multidrug-resistant HIV-1 and further evolution on antiretroviral therapy.

We studied a case of recent infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1. Over 16 months off-therapy, the CD4 cell count decreased from 419 to 184 cells/mul. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) then led to an incomplete virological response but to an immunological benefit, concurrently with a shift to CCR5-only tropism and a reduction in replication capacity.

Virological response to HIV-1 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based, tenofovir DF-including regimens in the ANRS Aquitaine Cohort.

Background: HIV-1 nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-only based, comprising tenofovir DF(TDF) have been shown to lead to high rates of virological failures (VF), mainly in patients on first-line combination therapy. We wished to investigate the virological response to these regimens in a large cohort of antiretroviral (ARV)-treated patients.

Methods: Patients followed-up in the Aquitaine Cohort in 2001-2003 and who had received NRTI-based, TDF-including regimens for at least 3 months were included.

An additive/subtractive genotypic score as a determinant of the virological response to didanosine in HIV-1 infected patients.

Objective: To assess the genotypic determinants of the virological response (VR) to didanosine (ddI) in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-experienced patients.

Methods: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotype was determined at baseline in 74 ddI-naive-patients with baseline viral load >500 copies/ml and receiving ddI as part of a new regimen. VR was defined as a plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml after three months on ddI.

New insights in HTLV-I phylogeny by sequencing and analyzing the entire envelope gene.

The HTLV-I envelope plays a major role in the process of target cell infection. It is implied in the recognition of the viral receptor(s), penetration of the viral genetic material, and induction of host immunity to the virus. It is thus important to study the genetic variability of the viral env gene as well as its variation in terms of evolution.