In search of a 'good number': knowledge controversy and population estimates in the endgame of hepatitis C elimination.

We explore the contentious life of a metric used to assess a country's progress in relation to global disease elimination targets. Our topic is hepatitis C elimination, and our context is Australia. A fundamental metric in the calculation of progress toward hepatitis C elimination targets, as set by the WHO, is the population prevalence of people living with hepatitis C.

Quantifying the variability in the assessment of reproductive hormone levels.

Objective: To quantify how representative a single measure of reproductive hormone level is of the daily hormonal profile using data from detailed hormonal sampling in the saline placebo-treated arm conducted over several hours.

Design: Retrospective analysis of data from previous interventional research studies evaluating reproductive hormones.

Setting: Clinical Research Facility at a tertiary reproductive endocrinology centre at Imperial College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

Risk factors for delayed termination of pregnancy following increased nuchal translucency.

Objectives: Termination of pregnancy after increased nuchal translucency (NT) is a common occurrence. This study aimed to identify characteristics of a cohort with a NT ≥3.0 mm who underwent a pregnancy termination ≥15 weeks compared with those who terminated <15 weeks.

Undoing elimination: Modelling Australia's way out of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the middle of 2020, with its borders tightly closed to the rest of the world, Australia almost achieved the local elimination of COVID-19 and subsequently maintained 'COVID-zero' in most parts of the country for the following year. Australia has since faced the relatively unique challenge of deliberately 'undoing' these achievements by progressively easing restrictions and reopening. Exploring the role of mathematical modelling in navigating a course through the pandemic through qualitative interviews with modellers and others working closely with modelling, we argue that each of these two significant phases of Australia's COVID-19 experience can be understood as distinct forms of 'model society'.

Postnatal genetic testing on cord blood for prenatally identified high-probability cases.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of postnatal genetic testing on umbilical cord blood (CB) for prenatally identified high-probability fetuses.

Method: CB for genetic testing was offered to individuals who met one of the following criteria: (i) fetal anomaly, (ii) positive non-invasive prenatal screening by cfDNA or biochemical analysis, or (iii) family history. Individuals with diagnostic testing, but not microarray, were also included when recommended by society guidelines.

Single gene non-invasive prenatal screening for autosomal dominant conditions in a high-risk cohort.

Purpose: To determine the utility of single gene non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS-SGD) in a high-risk reproductive genetics clinic.

Methods: A clinical pilot for NIPS-SGD was conducted from March 2020 to November 2021. A NIPS-SGD panel assessing pathogenic variants in 30 genes was offered to pregnant individuals for the following indications: (1) advanced sperm age ≥40 years, (2) nuchal translucency (NT) ≥ 3.

The impact of COVID-19 on youth mental health: A mixed methods survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented profound disruptions to young people at a critical period of psychosocial development. The current study aimed to explore the perceived negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's mental health and wellbeing across a spectrum of clinical needs. A cross-sectional online survey including both quantitative and qualitative responses captured positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 across 593 young people with and without mental health care needs.

Increased use of diagnostic testing after increased nuchal translucency: The influence of non-invasive prenatal testing and chromosomal microarray.

Objective: The utilization of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and chromosomal microarray (CMA) has significantly altered the options for testing following the diagnosis of an increased nuchal translucency (NT). This study defines the rates of utilization of diagnostic testing in the pre-NIPT, pre-CMA, and post-CMA eras.

Methods: We retrospectively examined NT scans performed in our department from January 2010 to December 2020 and identified all NTs ≥3.

Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial.

Treatment resistance is a significant problem among young people experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety, affecting nearly half of all patients. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating component of , for anxiety disorders in young people who previously failed to respond to standard treatment. In this open-label trial, 31 young people aged 12-25 years with a anxiety disorder and no clinical improvement despite treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy and/or antidepressant medication were enrolled between May 16, 2018, and June 28, 2019.

Ownership, Use of, and Interest in Digital Mental Health Technologies Among Clinicians and Young People Across a Spectrum of Clinical Care Needs: Cross-sectional Survey.

Background: There is currently an increased interest in and acceptance of technology-enabled mental health care. To adequately harness this opportunity, it is critical that the design and development of digital mental health technologies be informed by the needs and preferences of end users. Despite young people and clinicians being the predominant users of such technologies, few studies have examined their perspectives on different digital mental health technologies.

New directions for participatory modelling in health: Redistributing expertise in relation to localised matters of concern.

Participatory modelling seeks to foster stakeholder engagement to better attune models to their decision-making and policy contexts. Such approaches are increasingly advocated for use in the field of health. We review the instrumental and epistemological claims made in support of participatory modelling approaches.

Multinucleation associated DNA damage blocks proliferation in p53-compromised cells.

Nuclear atypia is one of the hallmarks of cancers. Here, we perform single-cell tracking studies to determine the immediate and long-term impact of nuclear atypia. Tracking the fate of newborn cells exhibiting nuclear atypia shows that multinucleation, unlike other forms of nuclear atypia, blocks proliferation in p53-compromised cells.

Utility of noninvasive genome-wide screening: a prospective cohort of obstetric patients undergoing diagnostic testing.

Purpose: Copy-number variant (CNV) assessment is recommended for patients undergoing prenatal diagnostic testing. Noninvasive screening tests have not been extensively validated for CNV detection. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of genome-wide noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) to chromosomal microarray to detect clinically significant findings.

Implementation lessons from the transition to telehealth during COVID-19: a survey of clinicians and young people from youth mental health services.

Whilst telehealth may overcome some traditional barriers to care, successful implementation into service settings is scarce, particularly within youth mental health care. This study aimed to leverage the rapid implementation of telehealth due to COVID-19 to understand the perspectives of young people and clinicians on how telehealth impacts service delivery, service quality, and to develop pathways for future uses. Youth mental health service users (aged 12-25) and clinicians took part in an online survey exploring service provision, use, and quality following the adoption of telehealth.

Centrosome amplification mediates small extracellular vesicle secretion via lysosome disruption.

Bidirectional communication between cells and their surrounding environment is critical in both normal and pathological settings. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which facilitate the horizontal transfer of molecules between cells, are recognized as an important constituent of cell-cell communication. In cancer, alterations in EV secretion contribute to the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedented challenges on the healthcare system. The aim of this multi-centre study was to measure the impact of COVID-19 on IR services in the UK.

Material And Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of IR practice in six UK centres during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out.

Enlarged hippocampal fissure in psychosis of epilepsy.

Psychosis of epilepsy (POE) can be a devastating condition, and its neurobiological basis remains unclear. In a previous study, we identified reduced posterior hippocampal volumes in patients with POE. The hippocampus can be further subdivided into anatomically and functionally distinct subfields that, along with the hippocampal fissure, have been shown to be selectively affected in other psychotic disorders and are not captured by gross measures of hippocampal volume.

Thematic analysis of youth mental health providers' perceptions of neuropsychological assessment services.

Aim: A growing number of quantitative studies have investigated the utility of neuropsychological assessment in mental health settings. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has qualitatively explored youth mental health providers' perceptions of neuropsychological assessment services. A more in-depth understanding of the perceived advantages and barriers associated with neuropsychological assessment in youth mental health settings is critical to better inform policy, practice and service uptake.

Perceived need for neuropsychological assessment according to geographic location: A survey of Australian youth mental health clinicians.

Recent studies have shown that neuropsychological assessment is a scarce resource in youth mental health settings. The need for neuropsychological assessment might differ in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas due to characteristics inherent to these different regions. However, no formal studies have investigated this question.

Oxidative Stress in Cells with Extra Centrosomes Drives Non-Cell-Autonomous Invasion.

Centrosomal abnormalities, in particular centrosome amplification, are recurrent features of human tumors. Enforced centrosome amplification in vivo plays a role in tumor initiation and progression. However, centrosome amplification occurs only in a subset of cancer cells, and thus, partly due to this heterogeneity, the contribution of centrosome amplification to tumors is unknown.

Multi-gene panel testing for hereditary cancer predisposition in unsolved high-risk breast and ovarian cancer patients.

Purpose: Many women with an elevated risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer have previously tested negative for pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Among them, a subset has hereditary susceptibility to cancer and requires further testing. We sought to identify specific groups who remain at high risk and evaluate whether they should be offered multi-gene panel testing.

Ethical considerations in preventive interventions for bipolar disorder.

Aim: Early intervention and prevention of serious mental disorders such as bipolar disorder has the promise of decreasing the burden associated with these disorders. With increasing early and preventive intervention efforts among cohorts such as those with a familial risk for bipolar disorder, there is a need to examine the associated ethical concerns. The aim of this review was to examine the ethical issues underpinning the clinical research on pre-onset identification and preventive interventions for bipolar disorder.