Quantifying the Strain: A Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Perspective on Musculoskeletal Disorders in the United States Over Three Decades: 1990-2019.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly contribute to global disability, especially in high-income countries. Yet, comprehensive studies on their epidemiological burden in the United States (US) are limited. Our study aims to fill this gap by characterizing the MSK disease burden in the US using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2019.

An evaluation of physical medicine and rehabilitation accredited sports medicine fellowship websites.

Background: Due to the virtual format of fellowship applications, prospective physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) sports medicine fellowship applicants commonly rely upon fellowship website content to make decisions about applications. Studies have shown that information available to fellowship applicants on program websites is inadequate, and there is no standard for important components of sports medicine fellowship websites.

Objective: To determine what sports medicine fellowship program features PM&R residents, fellows, and attending physicians consider the most important to be listed on fellowship websites, as well as to assess the scope of information available on fellowship websites.

Capturing the COVID-19 Crisis through Public Health and Social Measures Data Science.

In response to COVID-19, governments worldwide are implementing public health and social measures () that substantially impact many areas beyond public health. The new field of data science collects, structures, and disseminates data on ; here, we report the main achievements, challenges, and focus areas of this novel field of research.

Ensuring Rights while Protecting Health: The Importance of Using a Human Rights Approach in Implementing Public Health Responses to COVID-19.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world have implemented public health policies that limit individual freedoms in order to control disease transmission. While such limitations on liberties are sometimes necessary for pandemic control, many of these policies have been overly broad or have neglected to consider the costs for populations already susceptible to human rights violations. Furthermore, the pandemic has exacerbated preexisting inequities based on health care access, poverty, racial injustice, refugee crises, and lack of education.

Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States and Other Countries: Descriptive Analysis.

Background: The United States of America has the highest global number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, which may be due in part to delays and inconsistencies in implementing public health and social measures (PHSMs).

Objective: In this descriptive analysis, we analyzed the epidemiological evidence for the impact of PHSMs on COVID-19 transmission in the United States and compared these data to those for 10 other countries of varying income levels, population sizes, and geographies.

Methods: We compared PHSM implementation timing and stringency against COVID-19 daily case counts in the United States and against those in Canada, China, Ethiopia, Japan, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe from January 1 to November 25, 2020.

Sexual Orientation Disparities in Prescription Opioid Misuse Among U.S. Adults.

Introduction: The opioid epidemic in the U.S. continues to increase in severity, and misuse of prescription opioids is of particular concern since it commonly precedes heroin use.

Cycling CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected immune nonresponders have mitochondrial dysfunction.

Immune nonresponder (INR) HIV-1-infected subjects are characterized by their inability to reconstitute the CD4+ T cell pool after antiretroviral therapy. This is linked to poor clinical outcome. Mechanisms underlying immune reconstitution failure are poorly understood, although, counterintuitively, INRs often have increased frequencies of circulating CD4+ T cells in the cell cycle.

Cardiovascular conditions in persons with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and transverse myelitis.

Background: Cardiovascular conditions are associated with poorer outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether the burden of cardiovascular conditions differs between those with demyelinating disease and unaffected controls is not clear. The objective of this study is to investigate the burden and age of onset of cardiovascular conditions in a US population with MS, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), or transverse myelitis (TM) to unaffected controls adjusting for likely confounders.