From 2D to 3D In Vitro World: Sonodynamically-Induced Prooxidant Proapoptotic Effects of C-Berberine Nanocomplex on Cancer Cells.

Objectives: The primary objective of this research targeted the biochemical effects of SDT on human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells grown in 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid cell culture.

Methods: HeLa and LLC monolayers and spheroids were treated with a 20 µM C-Ber for 24 h, followed by irradiation with 1 MHz, 1 W/cm US. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed treatment on cancer cells, assessments of cell viability, caspase 3/7 activity, ATP levels, and ROS levels were conducted.