Early childhood vaccination coverage and patterns by rural-urban commuting area.

Introduction: National surveillance efforts have reported rural-urban disparities in childhood vaccination coverage by metropolitan statistical area designations, measured at the county level. This study's objective was to quantify vaccination trends using more discrete measures of coverage and rurality than prior work.

Methods: Serial, cross-sectional analyses of National Immunization Survey-Child restricted-use data collected in 2015-2021 for US children born 2014-2018 were conducted.

Invalid Vaccine Doses Among Children Aged 0 to 35 Months: 2011 to 2020.

Background And Objectives: Vaccine doses provided outside the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for minimum and maximum ages of vaccination and minimum intervals between doses are considered invalid. Our objective was to quantify the prevalence of and factors associated with invalid doses among US children aged 0 to 35 months.

Methods: We analyzed provider-verified vaccination records from the nationally representative 2011-2020 National Immunization Survey-Child.

Influences on COVID-19 vaccine Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study With Urban Indigenous and Rural Adults.

Despite the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, public hesitancy about receiving vaccination remains strong among disproportionately affected populations in the United States. To design more locally and culturally appropriate strategies, research is needed to explore the qualitative characteristics of vaccine hesitancy in these populations. Thus, we conducted in-depth interviews with 19 Indigenous and 20 rural participants and utilized a grounded theory approach to identify factors associated with their COVID-19 vaccine decision making.

National trends in patterns of under-vaccination in early childhood: National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2011-2021.

Background: The study's objective was to examine national trends in patterns of under-vaccination in the United States.

Research Design And Methods: The National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) is an annual cross-sectional survey that collects provider-verified vaccination records from a large national probability sample of children. Records from the 2011-2021 NIS-Child were used to assess receipt of the combined 7-vaccine series by age 24 months.

Vaccination Timeliness Among US Children Aged 0-19 Months, National Immunization Survey-Child 2011-2021.

Importance: Delays in receiving vaccinations lead to greater vaccine-preventable disease risk. Timeliness of receipt of recommended vaccinations is not routinely tracked in the US, either overall or for populations that have known barriers to accessing routine health care, including lower-income families and children.

Objective: To measure vaccination timeliness among US children aged 0 to 19 months, overall and by socioeconomic indicators.

Systematic Review of Barriers to and Facilitators of Screening for Postpartum Depression at Well-Child Visits in the United States.

Objective: To identify and evaluate barriers to and facilitators of screening for postpartum depression (PPD) during well-child visits in the United States. Additionally, to describe prior work on PPD screening tool evaluation and outcomes from PPD screenings conducted within the well-child setting.

Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Completion of multidose vaccine series in early childhood: current challenges and opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: Completion of all doses in multidose vaccine series provides optimal protection against preventable infectious diseases. In this review, we describe clinical and public health implications of multidose vaccine series noncompletion, including current challenges to ensuring children receive all recommended vaccinations. We then highlight actionable steps toward achieving early childhood immunization goals.

Challenges in Accessing Mental Health Care during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Rural Montana.

Purpose: Postpartum depression is a well-known maternal health care concern. For women using substances or experiencing underlying mental health conditions, incidence of postpartum depression is higher than that of the general population. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators associated with seeking mental health care among women with substance use disorder or mental health concerns.

Identification of Spatial Clusters of Undervaccination Patterns Among Children Aged <24 Months Using Immunization Information System Data, Montana, 2015-2019.

Objective: Spatial clustering of undervaccination leads to increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. We identified spatial clustering of undervaccination patterns among children aged <24 months in Montana.

Methods: We used Montana's immunization information system data to analyze deidentified vaccination records of children aged <24 months born from January 2015 through November 2017.

Failure to Complete Multidose Vaccine Series in Early Childhood.

Background: Most early childhood immunizations require 3 to 4 doses to achieve optimal protection. Our objective was to identify factors associated with starting but not completing multidose vaccine series.

Methods: Using 2019 National Immunization Survey-Child data, US children ages 19 to 35 months were classified in 1 of 3 vaccination patterns: (1) completed the combined 7-vaccine series, (2) did not initiate ≥1 of the 7 vaccine series, or (3) initiated all series, but did not complete ≥1 multidose series.

Nurses' perceptions, experiences, and practices regarding human papillomavirus vaccination: results from a cross-sectional survey in Montana.

Background: Nationally, much of the focus on improving human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake has been on effective strategies that physicians use to promote vaccination. However, in large, predominately rural states like Montana, nurses and medical assistants play critical roles in immunization services delivery, and their viewpoints are imperative in designing strategies to increase vaccination rates. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study to determine nurses' perceptions, experiences, and practices regarding human papillomavirus vaccination in a rural and medically underserved region of the United States.

Childhood Vaccination Practices and Parental Hesitancy Barriers in Rural and Urban Primary Care Settings.

The purpose of our study was to identify primary care providers' (PCPs') practices in promoting childhood vaccination and their perceptions regarding barriers to vaccination in a primarily rural state. In January-May 2022, we conducted a mail and online survey of PCPs across Montana (n = 829). The survey included modules on routine immunizations in children 0-2 years old and COVID-19 vaccination in children 5-17 years old.

Geographic proximity to immunization providers and vaccine series completion among children ages 0-24 months.

Objectives: In the U.S., vaccination coverage is lower in rural versus urban areas.

Improving pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake using an mHealth tool (MoVeUp): study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrate excellent effectiveness against infection, severe disease, and death. However, pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates lag among individuals from rural and other medically underserved communities. The research objective of the current protocol is to determine the effectiveness of a vaccine communication mobile health (mHealth) application (app) on parental decisions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Improving pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake using an mHealth tool (MoVeUP): a randomized, controlled trial.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines demonstrate excellent effectiveness against infection, severe disease, and death. However, pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates lag among individuals from rural and other medically underserved communities. The research objective of the current protocol is to determine the effectiveness of a vaccine communication mobile health (mHealth) application (app) on parental decisions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Beyond Vaccination Coverage: Population-Based Measurement of Early Childhood Immunization Schedule Adherence.

The immunization schedule recommended by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) provides a structure for how 10 different vaccine series should be administered to children in the first 18 months of life.

Barriers to and facilitators of early childhood immunization in rural areas of the United States: A systematic review of the literature.

Early childhood vaccination rates are lower in rural areas of the U.S. compared with suburban and urban areas.

Evaluating vaccination coverage and timeliness in American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic White children using state immunization information system data, 2015-2017.

Comprehensive estimates of vaccination coverage and timeliness of vaccine receipt among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children in the United States are lacking. This study's objectives were to quantify vaccination coverage and timeliness, as well as the proportion of children with specific undervaccination patterns, among AI/AN and non-Hispanic White (NHW) children ages 0-24 months in Montana, a large and primarily rural U.S.

Missed opportunities for human papillomavirus vaccine series initiation in a large, rural U.S. state.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates are lower in rural versus urban areas of the United States. Our objective was to identify the types of vaccination clinic settings where missed opportunities for HPV vaccine series initiation most frequently occurred in Montana, a large, primary rural U.S.

Vaccine timeliness and prevalence of undervaccination patterns in children ages 0-19 months, U.S., National Immunization Survey-Child 2017.

Objectives: Typically, early childhood vaccination coverage in the U.S. is measured as the proportion of children by age 24 months who completed recommended vaccine series.

Barriers to healthcare access among U.S. adults with mental health challenges: A population-based study.

Background: Having sufficient healthcare access helps individuals proactively manage their health challenges, leading to positive long-term health outcomes. In the U.S.

Sensitivity analyses of unmeasured and partially-measured confounders using multiple imputation in a vaccine safety study.

Purpose: Sensitivity analyses have played an important role in pharmacoepidemiology studies using electronic health records data. Despite the existence of quantitative bias analysis in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, simultaneously adjusting for unmeasured and partially measured confounders is challenging in vaccine safety studies. Our objective was to develop a flexible approach for conducting sensitivity analyses of unmeasured and partially-measured confounders concurrently for a vaccine safety study.

Timeliness of Early Childhood Vaccinations and Undervaccination Patterns in Montana.

Introduction: Early childhood vaccination rates are lower in rural areas than those in urban areas of the U.S. This study's objective is to quantify vaccine timeliness and the prevalence of undervaccination patterns in Montana and to measure the associations between timeliness and series completion by age 24 months.

A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Barriers to and Facilitators of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Adolescents in Montana.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates among adolescents are lower in rural areas than in urban areas of the United States. The objective of this study was to identify barriers to and facilitators of adolescent HPV vaccination in Montana, a large, primarily rural state.

Methods: Using a mixed-methods design, we integrated quantitative analyses of Montana's National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) data from 2013-2017 with qualitative data collected at a statewide meeting in October 2018 and from stakeholder interviews conducted from October 2018 through June 2019.