Cognitive impairment in children and adolescents living with perinatal HIV disease in the ART era: a meta-analysis.

Background: Despite improved survival and overall health outcomes from modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), children and adolescents living with HIV are facing pervasive impairments in neurodevelopment including cognitive impairment, but there remains a lack of consensus on the cognitive domains that are affected in those children and adolescents. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of perinatal HIV-infection on executive function, working memory, and speed of information processing in the ART era.

Methods: The PubMed database was searched for studies published between 1997 and 2024, plus additional search with the ScienceDirect, bioRxiv, and medRxiv databases.

Correction: Cingulate transcranial direct current stimulation in adults with HIV.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Low Rates of Colorectal Cancer Screening in First-Degree Relatives of Our Patients: Are We Failing Them?

Background: Guidelines recommend screening those with a family history of early-onset colorectal cancer at age 40 years or 10 years before the age of their relative's diagnosis. Currently, there is no literature reporting the screening rate in these individuals, and no protocols are in place to identify and target this population for screening awareness.

Objective: This study aimed to assess adherence to current screening guidelines among first-degree relatives of patients with early-onset colorectal cancer.

Risk factors for post-operative VTE following colorectal surgery: Is caprini score enough?

Background: Post-operative colorectal venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates range between 1 and 3%. Often, surgeons utilize risk assessment models, like the modified Caprini, to determine need for prophylaxis. However, studies reveal additional unaccounted risk factors like preoperative serum albumin level, perioperative blood transfusion, emergency surgery, and preoperative steroid use.

Cingulate transcranial direct current stimulation in adults with HIV.

Background: Neuronal dysfunction plays an important role in the high prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in people with HIV (PWH). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-with its capability to improve neuronal function-may have the potential to serve as an alternative therapeutic approach for HAND. Brain imaging and neurobehavioral studies provide converging evidence that injury to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is highly prevalent and contributes to HAND in PWH, suggesting that ACC may serve as a potential neuromodulation target for HAND.

Alterations of Brain Metabolites in Adults With HIV: A Systematic Meta-analysis of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.

Objective: A meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies to investigate alterations in brain metabolites in people with HIV (PWH), the relationship between metabolite alterations and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and the relationship between metabolite alterations and cognitive impairment.

Methods: The PubMed database was searched for studies published from 1997 to 2020. Twenty-seven studies were identified, which included 1255 PWH and 633 controls.