Syllable processing is organized in discrete subregions of the human superior temporal gyrus.

Modular organization at approximately 1 mm scale could be fundamental to cortical processing, but its presence in human association cortex is unknown. Using custom-built, high-density electrode arrays placed on the cortical surface of 7 patients undergoing awake craniotomy for tumor excision, we investigated receptive speech processing in the left (dominant) human posterior superior temporal gyrus. Responses to consonant-vowel syllables and noise-vocoded controls recorded with 1,024 channel micro-grids at 200 μm pitch demonstrated roughly circular domains approximately 1.

Cefazolin as the mainstay for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with a penicillin allergy in obstetrics and gynecology.

Cefazolin is the most common antibiotic used for prophylaxis in obstetrics and gynecology. Among those with a penicillin allergy, alternative antibiotics are often chosen for prophylaxis, given fears of cross-reactivity between penicillin and cefazolin. Alternative antibiotics in this setting are associated with adverse sequelae, including surgical site infection, induction of bacterial resistance, higher costs to the healthcare system, and possible Clostridium difficile infection.

Modular Phoneme Processing in Human Superior Temporal Gyrus.

Modular organization is fundamental to cortical processing, but its presence is human association cortex is unknown. We characterized phoneme processing with 128-1024 channel micro-arrays at 50-200µm pitch on superior temporal gyrus of 7 patients. High gamma responses were highly correlated within ~1.

Modified Neuropixels probes for recording human neurophysiology in the operating room.

Neuropixels are silicon-based electrophysiology-recording probes with high channel count and recording-site density. These probes offer a turnkey platform for measuring neural activity with single-cell resolution and at a scale that is beyond the capabilities of current clinically approved devices. Our team demonstrated the first-in-human use of these probes during resection surgery for epilepsy or tumors and deep brain stimulation electrode placement in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Modular pipeline for reconstruction and localization of implanted intracranial ECoG and sEEG electrodes.

Implantation of electrodes in the brain has been used as a clinical tool for decades to stimulate and record brain activity. As this method increasingly becomes the standard of care for several disorders and diseases, there is a growing need to quickly and accurately localize the electrodes once they are placed within the brain. We share here a protocol pipeline for localizing electrodes implanted in the brain, which we have applied to more than 260 patients, that is accessible to multiple skill levels and modular in execution.

Characterizing brain dynamics during ketamine-induced dissociation and subsequent interactions with propofol using human intracranial neurophysiology.

Ketamine produces antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression, but its usefulness is limited by its psychotropic side effects. Ketamine is thought to act via NMDA receptors and HCN1 channels to produce brain oscillations that are related to these effects. Using human intracranial recordings, we found that ketamine produces gamma oscillations in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, structures previously implicated in ketamine's antidepressant effects, and a 3 Hz oscillation in posteromedial cortex, previously proposed as a mechanism for its dissociative effects.

Natural language processing models reveal neural dynamics of human conversation.

Through conversation, humans relay complex information through the alternation of speech production and comprehension. The neural mechanisms that underlie these complementary processes or through which information is precisely conveyed by language, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we used pretrained deep learning natural language processing models in combination with intracranial neuronal recordings to discover neural signals that reliably reflect speech production, comprehension, and their transitions during natural conversation between individuals.

A novel schistosome species hosted by is the most widespread swimmer's itch-causing parasite in Michigan inland lakes.

Cercarial dermatitis (‘swimmer's itch’; SI), characterized by small itchy bumps caused by schistosome parasites of birds and mammals, is a common problem in Michigan. Research on avian schistosomes began nearly 100 years ago in Michigan inland lakes, yet scientists are still uncovering basic biological information including the identification of local snail and parasite species that cause SI. Previous research primarily focused on lakes in the northern half of Michigan's lower peninsula, although SI occurs throughout the state.

Pregnancy Care for Patients With Super Morbid Obesity.

The patient with obesity represents unique challenges to the medical community and, in the setting of pregnancy, additional risks to both mother and fetus. This document will focus on the risks and considerations needed to care for the women with obesity and her fetus during the antepartum, intrapartum, and immediate postpartum stages of pregnancy. Specific attention will be given to pregnancy in the setting of class III and super morbid obesity.

Diagnosis and Management of Trichomonas vaginalis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines.

Trichomonas vaginalis is likely the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 3.7 million women and men in the United States. Health disparities are prominent in the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, as African Americans are >4 times more likely to be infected than persons of other races.

Development of a Novel Railway Positioning System Using RFID Technology.

Currently, a number of positioning systems are in use to locate trains on the railway network; but these generally have limited precision. Thus, this paper focuses on testing and validating the suitability of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, for aligning vehicles to switch and crossing (S&C) positions on the railway network. This offers the possibility of accurately knowing the position of vehicles equipped with monitoring equipment, such as the network rail track recording vehicle (TRV), and aligning the data with reference to the locations of the S&C (and ideally to key elements within a particular S&C).

Growth and Cyclin-E Expression in the Stony Coral Species Post-Microfragmentation.

AbstractCoral growth is critical to reef health, resilience under rapidly changing environmental conditions, and restoration efforts. Although fragmenting coral has been occurring for many years in an effort to restore reefs, recently it was discovered that microfragmenting, the process of cutting one piece of coral into many small pieces (about three to five polyps), induces exponential growth. Our study investigates the process by which microfragments of nine different genotypes from the stony coral species grow and exhibit Cyclin-E expression.

Large-scale neural recordings with single neuron resolution using Neuropixels probes in human cortex.

Recent advances in multi-electrode array technology have made it possible to monitor large neuronal ensembles at cellular resolution in animal models. In humans, however, current approaches restrict recordings to a few neurons per penetrating electrode or combine the signals of thousands of neurons in local field potential (LFP) recordings. Here we describe a new probe variant and set of techniques that enable simultaneous recording from over 200 well-isolated cortical single units in human participants during intraoperative neurosurgical procedures using silicon Neuropixels probes.

Direct evidence for increased disease resistance in polyandrous broods exists only in eusocial Hymenoptera.

Background: The 'genetic diversity' hypothesis posits that polyandry evolved as a mechanism to increase genetic diversity within broods. One extension of this hypothesis is the 'genetic diversity for disease resistance' hypothesis (GDDRH). Originally designed for eusocial Hymenoptera, GDDRH states that polyandry will evolve as an effect of lower parasite prevalence in genetically variable broods.

Microscale dynamics of electrophysiological markers of epilepsy.

Objective: Interictal discharges (IIDs) and high frequency oscillations (HFOs) are established neurophysiologic biomarkers of epilepsy, while microseizures are less well studied. We used custom poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) microelectrodes to better understand these markers' microscale spatial dynamics.

Methods: Electrodes with spatial resolution down to 50 µm were used to record intraoperatively in 30 subjects.

The Continued Challenges in the Diagnosis of Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Focus on Clinically Mild Disease.

Many women with lower genital tract infections associated with sexually transmitted pathogens have evidence of upper genital tract inflammation despite the absence of symptoms and signs traditionally associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). New biomarkers are needed to identify these women with clinically mild PID or subclinical PID (silent salpingitis) to facilitate initiation of early treatment and ameliorate the sequelae associated with upper genital tract infection and inflammation.

Risks for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Caused by Non-Albicans Versus .

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vulvovaginitis (VV). About 20% of women will experience recurrent infections in their lifetime with non- (NAC) species being one of the causative agents. Although studies have looked at risk factors for recurrent VVC they are limited in scope.

Preincision adjunctive prophylaxis for cesarean deliveries a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the relative effectiveness of preincision cefazolin with or without adjunctive prophylaxis (macrolides or metronidazole) vs cefazolin alone in decreasing the incidence of postcesarean delivery surgical site infections.

Data Sources: We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from October 25, 2020, to November 25, 2020, to identify studies comparing cefazolin with adjunctive macrolides or metronidazole with cefazolin alone.

Microscale Physiological Events on the Human Cortical Surface.

Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of local single-cellular and network-level activity of neuronal populations in the human brain, extraordinarily little is known about their "intermediate" microscale local circuit dynamics. Here, we utilized ultra-high-density microelectrode arrays and a rare opportunity to perform intracranial recordings across multiple cortical areas in human participants to discover three distinct classes of cortical activity that are not locked to ongoing natural brain rhythmic activity. The first included fast waveforms similar to extracellular single-unit activity.

Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Management of Tubo-ovarian Abscess: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To compare the success rate, complications, and hospital length-of-stay of 3 modalities of minimally invasive management of tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs): laparoscopy, ultrasound-guided drainage, and computed tomography-guided drainage.

Data Sources: Electronic-based search in PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, using the following Medical Subject Heading terms: "minimally invasive surgical procedures," "drainage," "abscess," "tubo-ovarian," "ovarian diseases," and "fallopian tube diseases."

Methods Of Study Selection: Of the 831 articles in the initial results, 10 studies were eligible for inclusion in our systematic review.

Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational maternal trivalent group B streptococcus vaccine in pregnant women and their infants: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Background: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational trivalent group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccine in US pregnant women, transplacental serotype-specific antibody transfer and persistence in infants, and serotype-specific antibodies in breast milk.

Methods: This randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial administered one dose of trivalent GBS vaccine (n = 49) or placebo (n = 26) to healthy pregnant 18-40-year-old women at 24-34 weeks' gestation. Women were enrolled from March 2014 to August 2015.

Diagnosis, Treatment, Follow-up, and Persistence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women 45 Years and Older According to HIV Status: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a common treatable sexually transmitted infection among older women. Persistent T. vaginalis infection after treatment is common among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Program Evaluation of an Integrated Behavioral Health Clinic in an Outpatient Women's Health Clinic: Challenges and Considerations.

Many women receive their regular check-ups and preventive care through a women's health clinic, including their behavioral health needs. Most of these clinics have not yet developed the capacity to adequately manage behavioral health concerns. We describe our clinical experience integrating behavioral health services into a women's health clinic.