Adherence to the Cancer Prevention Recommendations from World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research After Cancer Diagnosis on Mortality in South Korea.

Background/objectives: The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommends following the recommendations for cancer prevention even after cancer diagnosis. To provide evidence on the potential benefits of adherence on improved survival, we investigated the effects of post-diagnostic adherence to the recommendations regarding diet, physical activity, and body weight on all-cause mortality among Korean cancer survivors.

Methods: Among the total number of cancer survivors ( = 173,195) recruited from 2004 to 2013 for the Health Examinees study, 5485 were selected for the analyses and classified by tertiles according to the adherence score.

Diet changes and colorectal cancer risk in the UK Biobank.

Background: Modifying dietary behaviors into healthier habits may attenuate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary changes and the risk of CRC.

Methods: Following dietary recommendations for red and processed meat, fruit and vegetables, and alcohol consumption, we classified 50,640 participants into poor and good adherence groups in the UK Biobank.

Impact of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio on mortality in middle-aged Koreans: A prospective cohort study based on a Health Examinees study.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the impact of obesity on mortality in middle-aged Koreans using data from a Health Examinees study.

Methods: We used data from the participants who had complete information on body size and gave informed consent for the linkage of their data with the national death certificate data. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.

Genetically predicted dietary intake and risks of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Effects of confounders on associations between diet and colorectal cancer (CRC) in observational studies can be minimized in Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. This study aimed to investigate observational and genetically predicted associations between dietary intake and CRC using one-sample MR.

Methods: Using genetic data of over 93 million variants, we performed a genome-wide association study to find genomic risk loci associated with dietary intake in participants from the UK Biobank.

Association of Psoas: Lumbar Vertebral Index (PLVI) with Postherpetic Neuralgia in Patients Aged 60 and Older with Herpes Zoster.

: The psoas: lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) is a simple and convenient measure to assess central sarcopenia. Recent studies have utilized the psoas area to indirectly assess sarcopenia and frailty, exploring their associations with various health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the PLVI and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients aged 60 years and above following a herpes zoster (HZ) infection.

Association of female reproductive and hormonal factors with gallbladder cancer risk in Asia: A pooled analysis of the Asia Cohort Consortium.

The female predominance of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has led to a hypothesis regarding the hormone-related aetiology of GBC. We aimed to investigate the association between female reproductive factors and GBC risk, considering birth cohorts of Asian women. We conducted a pooled analysis of 331,323 women from 12 cohorts across 4 countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Glycemic traits and colorectal cancer survival in a cohort of South Korean patients: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Clinical diabetic traits have been reported to be associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in observational studies. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method, we examined the causal association between glycemic traits, such as fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and survival in a cohort of CRC patients.

Methods: We conducted a two-sample MR analysis among a cohort of patients with locally advanced CRC at Seoul National University Hospital.

Emergency department visits of newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease patients in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency department (ED) visits of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. The customized data of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed. CVD patients were defined by the code 'V192' based on the NHIS coverage benefit expansion policy.

The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Mini-Cog Score and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Levels in Elderly Patients with Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery.

Dexmedetomidine prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which acts as an inflammatory marker. This study investigated the HMGB1 levels and the cognitive function using a Mini-Cog© score in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with dexmedetomidine infusion. In total, 128 patients aged ≥ 65 years were analyzed.

Assessments of dietary intake and polygenic risk score in associations with colorectal cancer risk: evidence from the UK Biobank.

Background: This study aimed to explore the potential interaction between dietary intake and genetics on incident colorectal cancer (CRC) and whether adherence to healthy dietary habits could attenuate CRC risk in individuals at high genetic risk.

Methods: We analyzed prospective cohort data of 374,004 participants who were free of any cancers at enrollment in UK Biobank. Dietary scores were created based on three dietary recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the overall effects of 11 foods on CRC risks using the inverse-variance (IV) method.

Neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on autophagy in mice administered intracerebroventricular injections of Aβ.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases is associated with pathological autophagy-lysosomal pathway dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been suggested as an adjuvant to general anesthesia with advantages in reducing the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in Dex-treated patients with AD and older individuals. Several studies reported that Dex improved memory; however, evidence on the effects of Dex on neuronal autophagy dysfunction in the AD model is lacking.

Lymphohematopoietic cancer mortality among Korean semiconductor manufacturing workers.

Background: We aimed to examine the lymphohematopoietic cancer mortality in a cohort of workers at a semiconductor manufacturing company in South Korea according to their jobs.

Methods: A retrospective cohort was constructed using the personnel records of semiconductor manufacturing workers who were employed in a semiconductor company in South Korea in 1998-2012. Data on their vital status and causes of death were obtained from the National Statistical Office of South Korea.

Operational Definition of Liver Cancer in Studies Using Data from the National Health Insurance Service: A Systematic Review.

Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) have been widely used to provide real-world evidence. Due to the nature of claims data, researchers use operational definitions to define patients with specific diseases. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the operational definitions of liver cancer used in studies based on the NHIS database and to suggest the most appropriate operational definition.

Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitoring More Accurately Detects Hypercapnia than End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring during Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO) monitoring is known to be effective at estimating the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) in patients with sedation-induced respiratory depression. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of PtcCO monitoring to measure PaCO and its sensitivity to detect hypercapnia (PaCO > 60 mmHg) compared to nasal end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO) monitoring during non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). This retrospective study included patients undergoing non-intubated VATS from December 2019 to May 2021.

Depth of double-lumen endobronchial tube: a comparison between real practice and clinical recommendations using height-based formulae.

Background: The depth of double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) is reportedly known tobe directly proportional to height and several height-based recommendations have beensuggested. This retrospective study was designed to find out the difference between calculated depths using height-based formulae and realistic depths in clinical practice of DLTplacement by analyzing pooled data from patients intubated with left-sided DLT.

Methods: The electronic medical records of adults, intubated with DLT from February 2018to December 2020, were reviewed.

Consumption of Coffee and Green Tea and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Korea: The Health Examinees Study.

Coffee and green tea may affect colorectal physiology and contain many bioactive components, such as polyphenol and caffeine, which have antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. However, the association between coffee and green tea consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been inconclusive. This study examined the association between coffee and green tea consumption and the risk of CRC in a large-scale prospective cohort study in Korea.

Comparison of Contralateral Acceleromyography and Electromyography for Posttetanic Count Measurement.

Background: Electromyography has advantages over mechanomyography and acceleromyography. Previously, agreement of the train-of-four counts between acceleromyography and electromyography was found to be fair. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of posttetanic count including agreement of neuromuscular blockade status (intense block, posttetanic count equal to 0; or deep block, posttetanic count 1 or greater and train-of-four count equal to 0) between acceleromyography and electromyography.

A Study of Projection-Based Attentive Spatial-Temporal Map for Remote Photoplethysmography Measurement.

The photoplethysmography (PPG) signal contains various information that is related to CVD (cardiovascular disease). The remote PPG (rPPG) is a method that can measure a PPG signal using a face image taken with a camera, without a PPG device. Deep learning-based rPPG methods can be classified into three main categories.

Reliability of submaximal stimulation for the train-of-four test using acceleromyography and electromyography with individualized stimulation currents.

Purpose: The supramaximal stimulation (SMS) of the TOF test causes uncomfortable sensations in patients. We aimed to determine whether the submaximal stimulation would be reliable in TOF tests with reduced painful sensation.

Methods: The accelomyography (AMG) and electromyography (EMG) monitor was applied at each arm and general anesthesia was induced and maintained by total intravenous anesthesia.

Descriptive Analysis of Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea, 2000-2020.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine secular trends, age-period-cohort effects, and geographical differences in gastric cancer (GC) mortality in Korea.

Materials And Methods: Using cause of death data from the Korean Statistical Information Service for GC from 2000 to 2020, we calculated average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in the age-standardized mortality of GC in 17 cities and provinces through joinpoint regression. Decomposition of age, period, and cohort effects on GC mortality were elucidated by applying a log-linear model and an intrinsic estimate method.

Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Half a Million Men and Women in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Although previous meta-analyses have suggested a dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid cancer risk, limited evidence has been presented about Asian populations. To assess this association among Asian populations, where underweight is more prevalent than in other regions, a pooled analysis from the Asia Cohort Consortium was conducted. Baseline height and weight were measured in five cohorts and self-reported in eight cohorts.

The influence of neuromuscular blockade on phase lag entropy and bispectral index: A randomized, controlled trial.

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) on phase lag entropy (PLE) and the bispectral index (BIS). We recorded the BIS, electromyograph (EMG) activity on a BIS monitor (EMG_BIS), PLE, and EMG activity on a PLE monitor (EMG_PLE) in 40 patients receiving general anesthesia. During the awake state, we analyzed the changes in parameters before and 2 min after the eyes were closed.