K-EmoPhone: A Mobile and Wearable Dataset with In-Situ Emotion, Stress, and Attention Labels.

With the popularization of low-cost mobile and wearable sensors, several studies have used them to track and analyze mental well-being, productivity, and behavioral patterns. However, there is still a lack of open datasets collected in real-world contexts with affective and cognitive state labels such as emotion, stress, and attention; the lack of such datasets limits research advances in affective computing and human-computer interaction. This study presents K-EmoPhone, a real-world multimodal dataset collected from 77 students over seven days.

CAPRIN1 Is Required for Control of Viral Replication Complexes by Interferon Gamma.

Replication complexes (RCs), formed by positive-strand (+) RNA viruses through rearrangements of host endomembranes, protect their replicating RNA from host innate immune defenses. We have shown that two evolutionarily conserved defense systems, autophagy and interferon (IFN), target viral RCs and inhibit viral replication collaboratively. However, the mechanism by which autophagy proteins target viral RCs and the role of IFN-inducible GTPases in the disruption of RCs remains poorly understood.

Structure of papain-like protease from SARS-CoV-2 and its complexes with non-covalent inhibitors.

The pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to expand. Papain-like protease (PLpro) is one of two SARS-CoV-2 proteases potentially targetable with antivirals. PLpro is an attractive target because it plays an essential role in cleavage and maturation of viral polyproteins, assembly of the replicase-transcriptase complex, and disruption of host responses.

K-EmoCon, a multimodal sensor dataset for continuous emotion recognition in naturalistic conversations.

Recognizing emotions during social interactions has many potential applications with the popularization of low-cost mobile sensors, but a challenge remains with the lack of naturalistic affective interaction data. Most existing emotion datasets do not support studying idiosyncratic emotions arising in the wild as they were collected in constrained environments. Therefore, studying emotions in the context of social interactions requires a novel dataset, and K-EmoCon is such a multimodal dataset with comprehensive annotations of continuous emotions during naturalistic conversations.

Direct Antiviral Mechanisms of Interferon-Gamma.

Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates both innate and adaptive immune networks; it is the most potent activator of macrophages and a signature cytokine of activated T lymphocytes. Though IFNG is now appreciated to have a multitude of roles in immune modulation and broad-spectrum pathogen defense, it was originally discovered, and named, as a secretory factor that interferes with viral replication. In contrast to the prototypical type I interferons produced by any cells upon viral infection, only specific subsets of immune cells can produce IFNG upon infection or stimulation with antigen or mitogen.

Murine Norovirus Infection Induces T1 Inflammatory Responses to Dietary Antigens.

Intestinal reovirus infection can trigger T helper 1 (T1) immunity to dietary antigen, raising the question of whether other viruses can have a similar impact. Here we show that the acute CW3 strain of murine norovirus, but not the persistent CR6 strain, induces T1 immunity to dietary antigen. This property of CW3 is dependent on its major capsid protein, a virulence determinant.

Nucleotide triphosphatase and RNA chaperone activities of murine norovirus NS3.

Modulation of RNA structure is essential in the life cycle of RNA viruses. Immediate replication upon infection requires RNA unwinding to ensure that RNA templates are not in intra- or intermolecular duplex forms. The calicivirus NS3, one of the highly conserved nonstructural (NS) proteins, has conserved motifs common to helicase superfamily 3 among six genogroups.

Antiviral activity of 20()-ginsenoside Rh2 against murine gammaherpesvirus.

Background: Ginsenosides are the major components of Meyer, an herbal medicine used for the treatment of various diseases. Different ginsenosides contribute to the biological properties of ginseng, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of 15 ginsenosides and compound K on gammaherpesvirus.

Identification of aminosulfonylarylisoxazole as microRNA-31 regulators.

The discovery of small-molecule regulators of microRNAs remains challenging, but a few have been reported. Herein, we describe small-molecule inhibitors of miR-31, a tumor-associated microRNA (miRNA), identified by high-throughput screening using a cell-based reporter assay. Aminosulfonylarylisoxazole compounds exhibited higher specificity for miR-31 than for six other miRNAs, i.

Machine learning-based identification of endogenous cellular microRNA sponges against viral microRNAs.

A "miRNA sponge" is an artificial oligonucleotide-based miRNA inhibitor containing multiple binding sites for a specific miRNA. Each miRNA sponge can bind and sequester several miRNA copies, thereby decreasing the cellular levels of the target miRNA. In addition to developing artificial miRNA sponges, scientists have sought endogenous RNA transcripts and found that long non-coding RNAs, competing endogenous RNAs, pseudogenes, circular RNAs, and coding RNAs could act as miRNA sponges under precise conditions.

Regulation of the viral life cycle by murine gammaherpesvirus 68 microRNAs.

γ-Herpesviruses (γHV) such as Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are important human pathogens involved in lymphoproliferation and tumorigenesis. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68, γHV-68) is an effective model for the study of γHV pathogenesis and host-virus interaction because it is closely related to human γHV. Similarly to human γHV, MHV-68 encodes 15 microRNAs (miRNAs).

Contribution of CD24 polymorphisms to autoimmune disease: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between two CD24 polymorphisms, rs8734/rs52812045 and rs3838646, and autoimmune disease.

Design: Meta-analysis.

Methods: The Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies reporting the association between CD24 polymorphisms and autoimmune disease.

Macro and small over micro: macromolecules and small molecules that regulate microRNAs.

Given the correlation between the deregulation of specific miRNAs and disease onset, it is critical to identify miRNA regulators that effectively control miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of target diseases. This review provides the latest update on oligonucleotide- and small-molecule-based miRNA regulators, and discusses assays developed to screen for small-molecule regulators.

MicroRNA-targeting therapeutics for hepatitis C.

MiR-122 is a liver-specific microRNA (miRNA) that plays a pivotal role in regulating hepatic functions such as lipid metabolism and stress response. The observation that hepatitis C virus (HCV) could only replicate in miR-122-positive hepatocytes led to the discovery that miR-122 is essential for HCV replication, and miR-122 is now one of the crucial host factors for anti-HCV therapy. Currently, the most advanced miR-122 targeting therapy is SPC3649 (miravirsen), a locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotide antagonizing miR-122.

Ginseng, the 'Immunity Boost': The Effects of Panax ginseng on Immune System.

Thousands of literatures have described the diverse role of ginseng in physiological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In particular, ginseng has been extensively reported to maintain homeostasis of the immune system and to enhance resistance to illness or microbial attacks through the regulation of immune system. Immune system comprises of different types of cells fulfilling their own specialized functions, and each type of the immune cells is differentially influenced and may be simultaneously controlled by ginseng treatment.

Age-associated changes in microRNA expression in bone marrow derived dendritic cells.

MiRNAs have shown to regulate aging process at the level of cellular senescence, tissue aging, and lifespan of whole organism. Given that many miRNAs also function as important regulators of hematopoietic system as well as aging process, it is highly likely that miRNAs would be involved in the changes of myeloid function and differentiation during aging. Therefore, here we examine differential expression of miRNAs in aged myeloid lineage cells and assess if altered miRNA expression pattern would reflect the change of miRNA targets and related function.

T Cell Stimulatory Effects of Korean Red Ginseng through Modulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) actively suppress immune cells and have been considered as an impediment to successful cancer immunotherapy. Many approaches have been made to overcome such immunosuppressive factors and to exert effective anti-tumor effects, but the possibility of using medicinal plants for this purpose has been overlooked. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is widely known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, including immunoboosting and anti-tumor activities.