Co(II)-Cu(II) mixed-oxide catalysts for single-step synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1-imidazole derivatives under microwave irradiation.

In this study, a catalyst composite of Co-Cu was prepared from chloride-containing precursor of Co(II) and Cu(II) metals using the milky latex of the plant following green principles of synthesis. The catalyst composite was characterized using XRD, EDAX, SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, XPS and TOF-MS. The crystallinity of the mixed-oxide composite with a distorted octahedral nature was confirmed from analysis.

A Bioinspired Ultra Flexible Artificial van der Waals 2D-MoS Channel/LiSiO Solid Electrolyte Synapse Arrays via Laser-Lift Off Process for Wearable Adaptive Neuromorphic Computing.

Wearable electronic devices with next-generation biocompatible, mechanical, ultraflexible, and portable sensors are a fast-growing technology. Hardware systems enabling artificial neural networks while consuming low power and processing massive in situ personal data are essential for adaptive wearable neuromorphic edging computing. Herein, the development of an ultraflexible artificial-synaptic array device with concrete-mechanical cyclic endurance consisting of a novel heterostructure with an all-solid-state 2D MoS channel and LiSiO (lithium silicate) is demonstrated.

Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella species in entire steps of a single integrated broiler supply chain in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of Salmonella species in an integrated broiler supply chain in Korea. A total of 1,214 samples from various steps of an integrated broiler production company including broiler breeder farms, broiler farms, broiler trucks, slaughterhouse, and retail chicken meats were collected and investigated. Salmonella was detected in 195 of the samples.

An inactivated oil-emulsion fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 vaccine provides broad cross-protection against various serotypes of fowl Adenovirus.

The number of clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) has been increasing, resulting in considerable economic losses in many countries. Currently, only fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been reported as the causative agent of HHS, whereas IBH can be caused by all 12 serotypes of FAdV. For protection against HHS, various live and killed FAdV serotype 4 vaccines have been developed.

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine.

Virus-like particle vaccine confers protection against a lethal newcastle disease virus challenge in chickens and allows a strategy of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.

In this study, we developed Newcastle disease virus (NDV) virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing NDV fusion (F) protein along with influenza virus matrix 1 (M1) protein using the insect cell expression system. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized with oil emulsion NDV VLP vaccines containing increasing dosages of VLPs (0.4, 2, 10, or 50 μg of VLPs/0.

Immunization with a thermostable newcastle disease virus K148/08 strain originated from wild mallard duck confers protection against lethal viscerotropic velogenic newcastle disease virus infection in chickens.

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating poultry infections because of its worldwide distribution and accompanying economical threat. In the present study, we characterized the ND virus (NDV) K148/08 strain from wild mallard duck, with regard to safety, thermostability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against velogenic ND viral infection. The NDV K148/08 strain offered enhanced immunogenicity and safety relative to commercially available vaccine strains.

Cross-protective immune responses elicited by a Korean variant of infectious bronchitis virus.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infections cause great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. IBVs continuously evolve by developing mutations in antigenic sites; therefore, an IBV vaccine that provides broad cross-protection can be a highly relevant and practical method in IBV control strategies. Although some IBV vaccine strains are known to provide protection against multiple IBV serotypes, in general commercially available IBV vaccine strains provide protection against antigenically related viruses but not distinct heterologous viruses.