Development and Characterization of Potential Ocular Mucoadhesive Nano Lipid Carriers Using Full Factorial Design.

Generally, topically applied eye drops have low bioavailability due to short residence time and low penetration of the drug. The aim of the present study was to incorporate dexamethasone (DXM) into nano lipid carriers (NLC), which contain mucoadhesive polymer, in order to increase the bioavailability of the drug. A 2 factorial experimental design was applied, in which the three factors were the polymer, the DXM, and the emulsifier concentrations.

Comparison of hydrophilic ophthalmic media on silicone oil emulsification.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the biological media which are in contact with silicone oil play a role in the silicone emulsification process. Commercially available Oxane 1300 silicone oil and potential hydrophilic phases of the emulsions in the eye (porcine aqueous humor, porcine vitreous and balanced salt solution) were investigated separately and in a mixture or emulsions by means of surface tension, rheological, zeta potential measurements and microscopic investigation. The surface tension of biological media (vitreous and aqueous humor) was significantly lower than that of non-biological media, especially in the case of aqueous humor, which indicates a remarkable emulsification tendency with these phases.

Design and Optimization of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Containing Dexamethasone for Ophthalmic Use.

The aim of this study was to perform a preformulation study of dexamethasone (DXM)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for ocular use. Lipid screening was applied to find the most suitable solid and liquid lipids and surfactant for the NLC formulation. The visual observation was proved with XRD measurements for the establishment of the soluble state of DXM.

Authentication of Tokaj Wine (Hungaricum) with the Electronic Tongue and Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Tokaj wines (Hungaricum) are botrytized wines acknowledged for the unique organoleptic properties bestowed by botrytized grape berries during production. Excluding these berries during wine production or manipulating the sugar content of low-grade wines to imitate high-grade wines are some recent suspicious activities that threaten the wine quality. Advanced methods such as spectroscopy and sensor-based devices have been lauded for rapid, reliable, and cost-effective analysis, but there has been no report of their application to monitor grape must concentrate adulteration in botrytized wines.

Functional implications of Ca 2.3 R-type voltage-gated calcium channels in the murine auditory system - novel vistas from brainstem-evoked response audiometry.

Voltage-gated Ca channels (VGCCs) are considered to play a key role in auditory perception and information processing within the murine inner ear and brainstem. In the past, Ca 1.3 L-type VGCCs gathered most attention as their ablation causes congenital deafness.

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice.

Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is of central relevance in the clinical neurophysiology. As other evoked potential (EP) techniques, such as visually evoked potentials (VEPs) or somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), the auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are triggered by the repetitive presentation of identical stimuli, the electroencephalographic (EEG) response of which is subsequently averaged resulting in distinct positive (p) and negative (n) deflections. In humans, both the amplitude and the latency of individual peaks can be used to characterize alterations in synchronization and conduction velocity in the underlying neuronal circuitries.

Gender specific click and tone burst evoked ABR datasets from mice lacking the Ca3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channel.

Objectives: Voltage-gated Ca channels (VGCCs) are of central relevance in regulating Ca influx into living cells. The low-voltage activated (LVA) Ca3 T-type Ca channels are widely distributed throughout the brain including the peripheral auditory system and ascending auditory tract. Their exact role in auditory information processing is still not fully understood.

Gender specific click and tone burst evoked ABR datasets from mice lacking the Ca2.3 R-type voltage-gated calcium channel.

This data article provides raw auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABRs) from controls and Ca2.3 transgenics, i.e.

Mucoadhesive Cyclodextrin-Modified Thiolated Poly(aspartic acid) as a Potential Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System.

Thiolated poly(aspartic acid) is known as a good mucoadhesive polymer in aqueous ophthalmic formulations. In this paper, cyclodextrin-modified thiolated poly(aspartic acid) was synthesized for the incorporation of prednisolone, a lipophilic ophthalmic drug, in an aqueous in situ gellable mucoadhesive solution. This polymer combines the advantages of cyclodextrins and thiolated polymers.

[Case report on choroidal effusion after oral acetazolamide administration: an unusual manifestation of a well-known idiosyncratic effect?].

Sulpha drugs are widely employed in medicine for various diseases and disorders. During the last several decades, numerous papers had been published on supra ciliary and posterior choroidal effusion likely presenting as an idiosyncratic effect of these drugs especially of acetazolamide. In each publication, the effusion was associated with either an acute angle-closure glaucoma or transitory myopia or both of these as leading symptoms.

Gender specific hippocampal whole genome transcriptome data from mice lacking the Ca2.3 R-type or Ca3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channel.

Voltage-gated Ca channels are of central relevance in mediating numerous intracellular and transcellular processes including excitation-contraction coupling, excitation secretion-coupling, hormone and neurotransmitter release and gene expression. The Ca2.3 R-type Ca channel is a high-voltage activated channel which plays a crucial role in neurotransmitter release, long-term potentiation and hormone release.

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG.

Theta activity is generated in the septohippocampal system and can be recorded using deep intrahippocampal electrodes and implantable electroencephalography (EEG) radiotelemetry or tether system approaches. Pharmacologically, hippocampal theta is heterogeneous (see dualistic theory) and can be differentiated into type I and type II theta. These individual EEG subtypes are related to specific cognitive and behavioral states, such as arousal, exploration, learning and memory, higher integrative functions, etc.

Motor Cortex Theta and Gamma Architecture in Young Adult APPswePS1dE9 Alzheimer Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder leading to progressive memory loss and eventually death. In this study, an APPswePS1dE9 AD mouse model has been analyzed for motor cortex theta, beta and gamma frequency alterations using computerized 3D stereotaxic electrode positioning and implantable video-EEG radiotelemetry to perform long-term M1 recordings from both genders considering age, circadian rhythm and activity status of experimental animals. We previously demonstrated that APPswePS1dE9 mice exibit complex alterations in hippocampal frequency power and another recent investigation reported a global increase of alpha, beta and gamma power in APPswePS1dE9 in females of 16-17 weeks of age.

Gender-Specific Hippocampal Dysrhythmia and Aberrant Hippocampal and Cortical Excitability in the APPswePS1dE9 Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder leading to progressive memory loss and eventually death. In this study an APPswePS1dE9 AD mouse model has been analyzed using implantable video-EEG radiotelemetry to perform long-term EEG recordings from the primary motor cortex M1 and the hippocampal CA1 region in both genders. Besides motor activity, EEG recordings were analyzed for electroencephalographic seizure activity and frequency characteristics using a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) based approach.

Complete elastic constants of α-BaBO: Schaefer-Bergmann acousto-optic diffraction and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.

Both Schaefer-Bergmann diffraction and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy were used to measure the six independent elastic-stiffness coefficients of the trigonal, non-piezoelectric crystal α-BaBO. The two measurement sets resulted in a root-mean-square variance of 1.2%.

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement.

Implantable EEG radiotelemetry is of central relevance in the neurological characterization of transgenic mouse models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases as well as epilepsies. This powerful technique does not only provide valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, i.e.

Cationic Thiolated Poly(aspartamide) Polymer as a Potential Excipient for Artificial Tear Formulations.

Dry eye disease is a relatively common ocular problem, which causes eye discomfort and visual disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The aim of this study was to find a possible excipient for eye drop formulations, which is able to stabilize the tear film. A cationic thiolated polyaspartamide polymer, poly[(N-mercaptoethylaspartamide)-co-(N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethyl)aspartamide)] (ThioPASP-DME), was used as a potential vehicle.

Comparative study of nanosized cross-linked sodium-, linear sodium- and zinc-hyaluronate as potential ocular mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivatives play important roles in many fields of therapy, such as arthritis treatment, plastic surgery, dermatology, otology, ophthalmology, etc. With a view to increase the beneficial properties of HA in ocular drug delivery, many types of chemical structural modifications have been performed. In the course of our research work, we characterized nanosized cross-linked - (CLNaHA), linear sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) and zinc-hyaluronate (ZnHA), as potential ocular drug delivery systems.

Thiolated poly(aspartic acid) as potential in situ gelling, ocular mucoadhesive drug delivery system.

The ophthalmic formulations on the market suffer from poor bioavailability, and it would therefore be useful to design a new formulation which is able to prolong the residence time and reduce the administration frequency. Polymer matrices which exhibit strong mucoadhesion are promising platforms in ocular drug delivery from the aspect of improved bioavailability. In the present study, an in situ gelling, mucoadhesive drug delivery system was fabricated from thiolated poly(aspartic acid) (ThioPASP).

Methadone maintenance therapy in liver transplantation.

Cirrhosis due to chronic infection with hepatitis C virus remains by far the most common reason for liver transplantation in North America. Currently, parenteral use of street drugs is the most common means of acquiring hepatitis C. Methadone maintenance therapy is an accepted form of treatment for chronic opiate (eg, heroin) addiction and, not surprisingly, a significant proportion of methadone-treated patients have chronic hepatitis C.

Predictors of relapse to significant alcohol drinking after liver transplantation.

Background: End-stage alcoholic liver disease is common, with many of these patients referred for liver transplantation (LT). Alcohol relapse after LT can have detrimental outcomes such as graft loss and can contribute to a negative public perception of LT.

Objective: To identify factors that predict the recurrence of harmful alcohol consumption after LT.

Interferon-tau: prospects for clinical use in autoimmune disorders.

Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is a type I IFN originally discovered for its role as a pregnancy recognition hormone in ruminant animals such as sheep and cows. IFN-tau possesses all of the biological properties ascribed to the other type I IFNs including antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. However, IFN-tau differs in that it is relatively nontoxic to cells at high concentrations as compared to the toxicity normally associated with IFNs-alpha and -beta and the type II IFN, IFN-gamma.